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Neuro Exam 1 > Cervical Endocrine, Pulmonology and Gastroenterology > Flashcards

Cervical Endocrine, Pulmonology and Gastroenterology Flashcards

1
Q
A
  1. Left lobe of the thyroid gland
  2. Right lobe of the thyroid gland
  3. Isthmus of the thyroid gland
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2
Q
A
  1. Right lobe of thyroid gland
  2. Isthmus of thyroid gland
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3
Q

Posterior view

A
  1. Left superior parathyroid gland
  2. Right superior parathyroid gland
  3. Left inferior parathyroid gland
  4. Right inferior parathyroid gland
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4
Q
  • Which cervical triangle contains the thyroid and parathyroid glands?
A
  • Muscular triangle
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5
Q
  • Isthmus crosses below _ cartilage, much lower than thyroid cartilage
A
  • Cricoid
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6
Q
  • Abberant thyroid gland can be seen anywhere along the _ duct
A
  • Embryonic thyroglossal
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7
Q
  • Thyroglossal Duct Cyst
A
  • Cyst forming across the thyroglossal duct as it descends into the neck
  • May cause issues with the hyoid bone and need to be surgically removed
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8
Q
  • Accessory thyroid gland
A
  • Additional thyroid glandular tissue forms in thyroglossal duct
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9
Q
  • Pyramidal Lobe of the Thyroid Gland
A
  • Not always present
  • May extend to hyoid
  • Some exist in absence of thyroid isthmus
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10
Q
  • Thyroid Ima Artery
A
  • 10% of people
  • Unparied
  • Can come off of
    • Brachiocephalic trunk (most common)
    • Arch of the aorta
    • Right Common carotid
    • Subclavian
    • Internal thoracic
  • Ascends on anterior surface of trachea and continues to thyroid isthmus
  • Consider if this is present before doing tracheotomy
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11
Q
  • Enlargement of the thyroid gland is called _
A
  • Goiter
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12
Q
  • Steps of a total thyroidectomy
A
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13
Q
  • Troubles of thyroidectomy
A
  • Thyroid is in close proximity to recurrent laryngeal nerves
  • Also usually dont take out parathyroids with it
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14
Q
A
  1. Nasopharynx
  2. Fauces
  3. Oropharynx
  4. Laryngeal Inlet
  5. Laryngopharynx
  6. Esophagus
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15
Q
A
  1. Soft Palate
  2. Uvula
  3. Fauces
  4. Isthmus of Fauces
  5. Fauces
  6. Palatopharyngeal arch
  7. Epiglottis
  8. Aryepiglottic fold
  9. Piriform recess
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16
Q
A
  1. Nasopharynx
  2. Oropharynx
  3. Laryngopharynx
17
Q
A
  1. Pharyngeal recess
  2. Choanae
  3. Nasopharynx
  4. Fauces
  5. Oropharynx
  6. Laryngeal inlet
  7. Laryngopharynx
18
Q
A
  1. Lingual tonsil
  2. Aryepiglottic fold
  3. Torus Tubarius
  4. Opening of the Pharyngotympanic tube
  5. Soft Palate
  6. Uvula
  7. Epiglottic Vallecula
  8. Epiglottis
19
Q
A
  1. Epiglottis
  2. Aryepiglottic fold
  3. Laryngeal vestibule
  4. Vestibular fold (aka false volcal cords)
  5. Laryngeal ventricle
  6. Vocal fold
  7. Infraglottic cavity
20
Q
A
  1. Epiglottis
  2. Aryepiglottic fold
  3. Laryngeal vestibule
  4. Vestibular fold
  5. Laryngeal ventricle
  6. Vocal fold
  7. Vocalis m.
  8. Conus Elasticus
  9. Infraglottic cavity
21
Q
A
  1. Epiglottis
  2. Rima glottidis
  3. Vocal fold
  4. Vestibular fold
  5. Aryepiglottic fold
  6. Cuneiform tubercle
  7. Corniculate tubercle
22
Q
  • Aspiration of Foreign Bodies
A
  • Involves any foreign body entering airway thru laryngeal inlet and trapped in vestibular folds
  • Laryngeal muscles will spasm and prevent air from reaching the lungs
  • Heimlich maneuver-forces air out of lungs and removes foreign body
23
Q
  • Cricothyrotomy
A
  • Typically emergent procedure
  • Needle passes thru cricothyroid membrane
24
Q
  • Tracheostomy
A
  • Involves an incision thru skin, separation of infrahyoid muscles and removal of isthmus of thyroid gland
  • Insert tube in trachea to establish airway
  • performed on 2nd and 3rd tracheal rings
25
Q
  • How does puberty change the larynx?
  • How does aging change the larynx?
A

Males at puberty-laryngeal cartilages will enlarge and grow anteriorly

Aging-ossification of laryngeal cartilages (seen on x rays)

26
Q
  • Laryngeal Cancer
A
  • Common among smokers
  • Laryngectomy and tracheostomy performed during malignant cases
  • Changes in vocalization (ie: esophageal speech)
27
Q
A
  1. Soft Palate
  2. Uvula
  3. Isthmus of Fauces
  4. Palatoglossal Arch
  5. Palatine Tonsil
  6. Palatopharyngeal Arch
  7. Epiglottic Vallecula
  8. Epiglottis
  9. Aryepiglottic Fold
  10. Esophagus
  11. Trachea
28
Q
  • Branchial fistula
A
  • Abnormal patency of remnants of the 2nd Pharyngeal Pouch and 2nd Pharyngeal Groove
  • Results in a canal between the Tonsillar Cleft and side of the Neck.
  • Food leak out of yo neck (ewie)
29
Q
  • Branchial Sinus
A
  • Persistance of embryonic cervical sinus
  • Communicates externally but not internally
  • May exist anywhere on the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid m.
30
Q
  • Branchial Cyst
A
  • Similar to a Branchial Sinus
  • if the embryonic cervical sinus does not communicate externally it exists as a cyst
  • These cysts may result in complicatoins due to their proximity to important structures of the Neck such as the Hypoglossal, Glossopharyngeal and Spinal Accessory nerves
31
Q
  • Tracheoesophageal Fistula
A
  • Esophagus is blind ended pouch
  • Stomach communicates with trachea
  • Blind ended pouch with no tracheal communication
  • Esophagus with communication with trachea distal to epiglottis
32
Q
  • What is deglutination?
A
  • Swallowing
33
Q
  • What are the stages of deglutination
A

Stage 0: Eat and Chew

Stage 1 (Voluntary): Food bolus pushed to back of mouth by pushing tongue against palate

Stage 2 (Involuntary and Rapid): Nasopharynx is sealed off from oropharynx when soft palate is elevated; the pharynx shortens and widens when suprahyoid and longitudinal pharyngeal muscles elevate the larynx

Stage 3 (Involuntary): Pharyngeal constrictor muscles contract sequentially (creating peristaltic ridge forcing food bolus inferiorly); epiglottis deflects bolus but does not completely seal off the larynx and trachea

Neuro Exam 1 (14 decks)

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