Cervical Endocrine, Pulmonology and Gastroenterology Flashcards
1
Q
A
- Left lobe of the thyroid gland
- Right lobe of the thyroid gland
- Isthmus of the thyroid gland
2
Q
A
- Right lobe of thyroid gland
- Isthmus of thyroid gland
3
Q
Posterior view
A
- Left superior parathyroid gland
- Right superior parathyroid gland
- Left inferior parathyroid gland
- Right inferior parathyroid gland
4
Q
- Which cervical triangle contains the thyroid and parathyroid glands?
A
- Muscular triangle
5
Q
- Isthmus crosses below _ cartilage, much lower than thyroid cartilage
A
- Cricoid
6
Q
- Abberant thyroid gland can be seen anywhere along the _ duct
A
- Embryonic thyroglossal
7
Q
- Thyroglossal Duct Cyst
A
- Cyst forming across the thyroglossal duct as it descends into the neck
- May cause issues with the hyoid bone and need to be surgically removed
8
Q
- Accessory thyroid gland
A
- Additional thyroid glandular tissue forms in thyroglossal duct
9
Q
- Pyramidal Lobe of the Thyroid Gland
A
- Not always present
- May extend to hyoid
- Some exist in absence of thyroid isthmus
10
Q
- Thyroid Ima Artery
A
- 10% of people
- Unparied
- Can come off of
- Brachiocephalic trunk (most common)
- Arch of the aorta
- Right Common carotid
- Subclavian
- Internal thoracic
- Ascends on anterior surface of trachea and continues to thyroid isthmus
- Consider if this is present before doing tracheotomy
11
Q
- Enlargement of the thyroid gland is called _
A
- Goiter
12
Q
- Steps of a total thyroidectomy
A
13
Q
- Troubles of thyroidectomy
A
- Thyroid is in close proximity to recurrent laryngeal nerves
- Also usually dont take out parathyroids with it
14
Q
A
- Nasopharynx
- Fauces
- Oropharynx
- Laryngeal Inlet
- Laryngopharynx
- Esophagus
15
Q
A
- Soft Palate
- Uvula
- Fauces
- Isthmus of Fauces
- Fauces
- Palatopharyngeal arch
- Epiglottis
- Aryepiglottic fold
- Piriform recess
16
Q
A
- Nasopharynx
- Oropharynx
- Laryngopharynx
17
Q
A
- Pharyngeal recess
- Choanae
- Nasopharynx
- Fauces
- Oropharynx
- Laryngeal inlet
- Laryngopharynx
18
Q
A
- Lingual tonsil
- Aryepiglottic fold
- Torus Tubarius
- Opening of the Pharyngotympanic tube
- Soft Palate
- Uvula
- Epiglottic Vallecula
- Epiglottis
19
Q
A
- Epiglottis
- Aryepiglottic fold
- Laryngeal vestibule
- Vestibular fold (aka false volcal cords)
- Laryngeal ventricle
- Vocal fold
- Infraglottic cavity
20
Q
A
- Epiglottis
- Aryepiglottic fold
- Laryngeal vestibule
- Vestibular fold
- Laryngeal ventricle
- Vocal fold
- Vocalis m.
- Conus Elasticus
- Infraglottic cavity
21
Q
A
- Epiglottis
- Rima glottidis
- Vocal fold
- Vestibular fold
- Aryepiglottic fold
- Cuneiform tubercle
- Corniculate tubercle
22
Q
- Aspiration of Foreign Bodies
A
- Involves any foreign body entering airway thru laryngeal inlet and trapped in vestibular folds
- Laryngeal muscles will spasm and prevent air from reaching the lungs
- Heimlich maneuver-forces air out of lungs and removes foreign body
23
Q
- Cricothyrotomy
A
- Typically emergent procedure
- Needle passes thru cricothyroid membrane
24
Q
- Tracheostomy
A
- Involves an incision thru skin, separation of infrahyoid muscles and removal of isthmus of thyroid gland
- Insert tube in trachea to establish airway
- performed on 2nd and 3rd tracheal rings
25
Q
- How does puberty change the larynx?
- How does aging change the larynx?
A
Males at puberty-laryngeal cartilages will enlarge and grow anteriorly
Aging-ossification of laryngeal cartilages (seen on x rays)
26
Q
- Laryngeal Cancer
A
- Common among smokers
- Laryngectomy and tracheostomy performed during malignant cases
- Changes in vocalization (ie: esophageal speech)
27
Q
A
- Soft Palate
- Uvula
- Isthmus of Fauces
- Palatoglossal Arch
- Palatine Tonsil
- Palatopharyngeal Arch
- Epiglottic Vallecula
- Epiglottis
- Aryepiglottic Fold
- Esophagus
- Trachea
28
Q
- Branchial fistula
A
- Abnormal patency of remnants of the 2nd Pharyngeal Pouch and 2nd Pharyngeal Groove
- Results in a canal between the Tonsillar Cleft and side of the Neck.
- Food leak out of yo neck (ewie)
29
Q
- Branchial Sinus
A
- Persistance of embryonic cervical sinus
- Communicates externally but not internally
- May exist anywhere on the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid m.
30
Q
- Branchial Cyst
A
- Similar to a Branchial Sinus
- if the embryonic cervical sinus does not communicate externally it exists as a cyst
- These cysts may result in complicatoins due to their proximity to important structures of the Neck such as the Hypoglossal, Glossopharyngeal and Spinal Accessory nerves
31
Q
- Tracheoesophageal Fistula
A
- Esophagus is blind ended pouch
- Stomach communicates with trachea
- Blind ended pouch with no tracheal communication
- Esophagus with communication with trachea distal to epiglottis
32
Q
- What is deglutination?
A
- Swallowing
33
Q
- What are the stages of deglutination
A
Stage 0: Eat and Chew
Stage 1 (Voluntary): Food bolus pushed to back of mouth by pushing tongue against palate
Stage 2 (Involuntary and Rapid): Nasopharynx is sealed off from oropharynx when soft palate is elevated; the pharynx shortens and widens when suprahyoid and longitudinal pharyngeal muscles elevate the larynx
Stage 3 (Involuntary): Pharyngeal constrictor muscles contract sequentially (creating peristaltic ridge forcing food bolus inferiorly); epiglottis deflects bolus but does not completely seal off the larynx and trachea
