Cranial Nerves and Autonomics

Question 1

What are the twelve cranial nerves?

Answer 1

• Oh- Olfactory
• Once- Optic
• One- Oculomotor
• Takes-Trochlear
• The-Trigeminal
• Anatomy-Abducens
• Final-Facial
• Very-Vestibulocochlear
• Good-Glossopharyngeal
• Vacations-Vagus
• Are-Accessory
• Heavenly-Hypoglossal

Question 2

• The parasympathetics generally work thru the _ pathway

Answer 2

• GVE
  
  • Fibers innervating the smooth muscle of the viscera, intraocular muscles, heart, salivary gland, etc

Question 3

• What nuclei are important for GVE action with the PNS?

Answer 3

• Edinger Westphal Nucleus (CN III)
• Superior Salivatory Nucleus (CN VII)
• Inferior Salivatory Nucleus (CN IX)
• Nucleus ambiguus (CN IX and X)

Question 4

• Identify the following cranial nerves

Answer 4

1. Olfactory n (CNI)
2. Optic n (CNII)
3. Oculomotor n (CNIII)
4. Trochlear n (CN IV)
5. Abducent n (CN VI)
6. Trigeminal N (CN V)
7. Spinal Accessory n (CN XI)
8. Hypoglossal n (CN XII)
9. Vagus n (CN X)
10. Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
11. Vestibular cochlear n (CN VIII) and Facial n (CN VII)
12. Trigeminal n (CN V)

Question 5

What cranial nerves pass thru the cribiform palate

Answer 5

CN I (Olfactory n)

Question 6

• What cranial nerves pass thru the optic canal?

Answer 6

• CN II-Optic N

Question 7

• What cranial nerves pass thru the superior orbital fissure

Answer 7

• CN III-Oculomotor
• CN IV-Trochlear
• CN V (V1)-Opthalmic division of trigeminal
• CN VI-Abducens

Question 8

• What cranial nerves pass thru the foramen rotundum

Answer 8

• CN V (V2)- Maxillary division of trigeminal

Question 9

• What nerves pass thru the foramen ovale

Answer 9

• CN V (V3)-Mandibular division of trigeminal

Question 10

What nerves pass thru the internal acoustic meatus

Answer 10

• CN VII-Facial
• CN VIII-Vestibulocochlear

Question 11

• What nerves pass thru the jugular foramen

Answer 11

• CN IX-Glossopharyngeal
• CN X-Vagus
• CN XI-Accessory

Question 12

• What nerves pass thru the hypoglossal canal

Answer 12

• CN XII-Hypoglossal

Question 13

• What are the general rules concerning autonomics in the head

Answer 13

• All sympathetic fibers are postganglionic arising from superior cervical ganglion of sympathetic trunk-travel on vessels to the structures that they innervate
• Deep petrosal-only named sympathetic n in the head
• Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers arise from nuclei in brainstem and synapse at 4 ganglia in the head (ciliary, pterygopalatine, otic, and submandibular)
• Preganglionic parasympathetics are carried by cranial nerves III, VII, IX and X
• All postganglionic fibers piggy-back on a branch of the trigeminal n to arrive at the structure that they innervate

Question 14

• The deep petrosal n. is a sympathetic n that travels thru the _ canal to become the nerve of the _ canal, and bypasses pterygopalatine ganglion and innervates _ and _ of the face

Answer 14

• Pterygoid canal, n. to pterygoid canal
• Blood vessels, sweat glands

Question 15

• Horner’s Syndrome

Answer 15

• Absence of sympathetically stimulated functions on the ipsilateral side of the head
• Have you met PAM Horner?
• P=Ptosis (drooping of eyelid)
• A=Anhydrosis (lack of sweating)
• M=Miosis (excessive constriction of the pupil)

Question 16

• What are the components of the Trigeminal N (CN V)?

Answer 16

• GSA
• Branchial motor (efferent)

Question 17

• What are the main branches of the trigeminal n?

Answer 17

• Opthalmic n
• Maxillary n
• Mandibular n

Question 18

• What are the important parasympathetic components of V1 (Opthalamic) division of the Trigeminal N.?

Answer 18

• Lacrimal
• Short Ciliary

Question 19

• What are the important parasympathetic areas of V2 Maxillary division of Trigeminal N?

Answer 19

• Zygomatic
• Nasociliary
• Greater and lesser palatine
• Posterior superior nasal

Question 20

• What are the important parasympathetic components of V3 Mandibular division of Trigeminal N?

Answer 20

• Auriculotemporal

Question 21

Trigeminal and Autonomic Associations

Answer 21

• Only parasympathetics synapse in the gangia
• Sympathetics and Somatics pass thru without synapsing
• After synapsing in their respective ganglia, the postsynaptic parasympathetic fibers travel with (piggy-back) on branches of the trigeminal N

Question 22

• The parasympathetic motor (visceral efferent) nucleus coming from the oculomotor n (CN III) is known as the _ nucleus in the brainstem
• These parasympathetic preganglionic nerves synapse in _ ganglion

Answer 22

• Edinger-Westphal
• Ciliary

Question 23

• The nuclei of the parasympathetic motor (visceral efferent) of the Facial Nerve (CN VII) is known as the _
• What ganglion does this synapse in?

Answer 23

• Superior salivatory nucleus
• Pterygopalatine and submandibular ganglia

Question 24

• What are the named branches of the Facial N (CN VII)?

Answer 24

Question 25

• What are the important parasympathetic visceral efferent nuclei of the Glossopharyngeal N (CN IV)
• What nuclei do these parasympathetic fibers synapse in

Answer 25

• Inferior salivatory nucleus, nuclei ambiguus
• Otic ganglion

Question 26

What are the important parasympathetic areas of Cn X (Vagus N), where are their nuclei located?

Answer 26

• Dorsal vagal motor nucleus
• Nucleus ambiguus

Question 27

Visceral parasympathetic motor to lacrimal gland pathway

Answer 27

Question 28

• Visceral (parasympathetic) motor to submandibular and sublingual glands

Answer 28

Question 29

• Cranial nerves and nuclei

Answer 29

Question 30

Summary of cranial nerves of the extraocular muscles

Answer 30