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Anatomy > Skletal Muscules ll > Flashcards

Skletal Muscules ll Flashcards

1
Q

Muscles are divided into functional groups by

A

Fascia

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2
Q

Compartments

A

Groups of muscle of similar developmental functions or origin 

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3
Q

Upper limb
Anterior compartment

A

Muscles in anterior compartment of the arm act to flex arm at shoulder or flex forearm at elbow
Muscles in anterior compartment of the forearm acts as wrists in digit flexor and pronators

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4
Q

Upper limb
Posterior compartment

A

Muscles in posterior compartment of the arm extend forearm at elbow
Muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm acts as wrist and digit extensors

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5
Q

Lower limb
Anterior compartment

A

Muscles in anterior compartment of the thigh acts to flex thigh at hip or extend leg at knee
muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg acts as dorsal flexors and digital extensors

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6
Q

Lower limb
posterior compartment

A

Muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh acts to extend thigh at hip or flexed the leg at the knee
muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg acts as plantar and digital flexors

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7
Q

Lower limb
Medial and lateral compartment

A

Muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh adduct the thigh
Muscles in the lateral component of the leg plantar flex and evert the foot

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8
Q

Elevation

A

Raise or shrug shoulders

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9
Q

Depression

A

Lower shoulders

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10
Q

Protraction

A

Slide scapula away from spine

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11
Q

Retraction

A

Slide scapula towards spine 

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12
Q

Shoulder forward Flexion

A

Raise arm forward and up

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13
Q

Shoulder extension

A

Lower arm down and back

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14
Q

Upward rotation

A

Moves scapula inferior angolateraly
Lift arm out to the side

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15
Q

Downward rotation

A

Moose scapular inferior anglomedially
Lower arm from side

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16
Q

Pectoralis minor

A

Skin flat muscle in anterior thoracic, deep to pectoralis major
protraction and downward rotation of scapula

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17
Q

Serratus anterior

A

Multiple muscle fibers form sawtooth edges
deep to pectoral muscle, superior to external oblique muscle form anterior Axilla
agonist for protraction of scapula
A.k.a. boxers muscles raising arms and hold horizontal position

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18
Q

trapezius

A

Triangular or kite shape muscle in superficial posterior thoracic
Upper fiber origin occipital bone, insertion of acrominon and scapular spine
Middle fibers origin  C7 and upper thoracic vertebrae insertion scapular spine
lower fibers origin lower thoracic vertebrae insertion scapular spine

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19
Q

trapezius fiber action on scapula

A

Upper fibers elevation of scapula
Middle fibers retraction of scapula
lower fibers depression of spine

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20
Q

Levator scapulae

A

Strap like muscle spans posterior neck and upper thorax deep to trapezius elevation of scapula

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21
Q

Rhomboids

A

To diamond shaped muscle deep to trapezius and inferior to levator scapulae stabilization or retraction of scapula

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22
Q

Pectoralis major

A

Large fan shaped muscle in superficial anterior thorax
Antagonist for shoulder forward flexion, arm adduction

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23
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

Broad muscle on posterior thoracic extending from waist to axilla
Agonist for shoulder extension
Helps with arm adduction
with arm overhead, pulls body up

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24
Q

Deltoid

A

Triangular superficial muscle, forms calf of shoulder
Anterior fibers – shoulder forward flexion
Lateral fibers – downward rotation of scapula
posterior fibers – shoulder extension
When all fibers contract simultaneously, deltoid acts as agonist of arm, abduction

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25
Q

Teres major

A

 rounded muscle inferior to teres minor
Acts as synergist to latissimus dorsi

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26
Q

Rotator cuff

A

Muscle that originates from scapula and insert on Proximal humerus
stabilizes shoulder joint

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27
Q

Tendons of rotator cuff

A

Supraspinatus- Posterior scapular above scapular spine
Infraspinatus- Posterior scapular below scapular spine
Teres minor-Posterior scapula, inferior in deep to infraspinatus
Subscapularis- anterior scapula in subscapular fassa

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28
Q

Biceps brachii

A

Two headed muscle on anterior arm Synergis to elbow flexion

29
Q

Brachialis

A

Anterior arm deep to biceps
agonist in elbow flexion, generates twice as much of a fashion power as the more superficial biceps brachii

30
Q

Triceps brachii

A

Three headed muscle on posterior arm agonist for elbow extension

31
Q

Brachioradialis

A

Superficial muscle and lateral forearm forms lateral boundary for anti-cubital fossa
Synergist in elbow flexion

32
Q

Supinator

A

Deep muscle connects to humerus and connects to radius and ulna
Supination

33
Q

Pronator quadratus

A

Deep muscle connects distal radius and ulna
pronation

34
Q

Flexor carpi radialis

A

Runs diagonally that runs anterior forearm
wrist flexion

35
Q

Palmaris longus

A

Runs medial to Factor carpi radialis ending in aponeurosis in palm of hand
Tenses skin in fassa of palm

36
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Most medial anterior forearm muscle wrist flexion and adduction

37
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Two headed muscle deep to flexor carpi radialis
wrists and digit flexion

38
Q

Flexor pollicis longus

A

Deep to flexor digitorum superficialis thumb flexion

39
Q

Flexor retinaculum

A

Band of connective tissue on anterior wrist
anchors tendons of flexor muscles to prevent bowing during wrist flexion

40
Q

Carpal tunnel

A

Space between flexor retinaculum And carpal bone
Passageway for flexor tendons in median nerve

41
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome

A

Inflammation of flexor tendons irritates median nerve resulting in weakness or numbness
Caused by repeated motion injury

42
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis

A

Parallel brachioradialis On the lateral forearm
wrist extension and abduction

43
Q

Extensor digitorum

A

Medial to extensor carpi radialis
Agnes for digit extension

44
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris

A

Medial to extensor digitorum
Synergies for wrist extension and adduction

45
Q

Extensor pollicis longus and brevis

A

Diana only oriented muscle with tendons that pass over posterior wrist to insert on pollex
Thumb extension

46
Q

Anatomical snuffbox

A

Triangular depression on dorsal hand when thumb is fully extended
Medial border is formed by the extensor pollicis longus
Lateral border is formed by the extensor pollicis brevis
Proximal border is formed by the styloid process of radius
Floor is formed by the trapezium and scaphoid

47
Q

PSosa major and minor

A

Deep muscle that pass anterior to hip joint
Origin – T12 and lumbar vertebrae action c iliopsoas

48
Q

Iliacus

A

Large Fan shaped muscle
iliac fossa

49
Q

Iliopsoas

A

Iliacus and psoas major form it
Psoas and iliac merge to travel under the inguinal and insert on femor
Insertion- ligament lesser trochanter of femor
Action- agonist in hip flexion

50
Q

When trunk is fixed contraction of the iliopsoas raises side towards trunk kicking upwards

A

Origin is T 12 – lumbar vertebrae insertion is the femur

51
Q

When thighs fixed contraction of the iliopsoas Ben’s the trunk towards the thigh bowing forward

A

Origin is the femur in session is the T 12 – lumbar vertebrae

52
Q

Tensor fascia latae

A

Muscle in anterolateral thigh

53
Q

Iliotiibial band

A

Thick band of fassia formed by tensor fascia latae, gluteus medius, minimus tendors
Study trunk on tie in stabilizes lateral movement

54
Q

Gluteus maximus

A

Cover ischial tuberosity when standing, sitting: Moves superior leaving tuberosity exposed
Agonist for hip extension

55
Q

Gluteus medius

A

Abducts hips and medial rotates thigh

56
Q

Gluteus minimus

A

Agonist for hip extension

57
Q

Piriformis

A

Pyramid muscle inferior to gluteus minimus
External rotation of hip

58
Q

Quadriceps femoris

A

Four headed muscle in anterior thigh
Insertion tibial tuberosity
Action knee extension

59
Q

Patellar ligament

A

Quadricep tendon converts to incase patella and insert on tibia

60
Q

Rectus femoris

A

Superficial anterior thigh
Origin- illum of os coaxe, Only quadricep muscle that crosses the hip joint
Action synergist to hip flexion

61
Q

Three quadricep muscles like deep to rectus in originate from femur

A

Vastus medialis- Teardrop shaped muscle in medial thigh
Vastus lateralis- Lateral thigh
Vastus intermedius- Deep to rectus femoris

62
Q

sartorius

A

Longest muscle in the body
strap like muscle whose fibers run diagonally along the anterior thigh
Origin- anterior superior lilac spine
Insertion medial tibia
action Synergist in hip flexion, abduction, external rotation
Helps produce cross legged sitting position

63
Q

Gracilis

A

Thin long muscle in medial anterior thigh
Hip adduction

64
Q

Hamstring

A

 main muscle of posterior thigh
hip extension and agonist for knee flexion

65
Q

The three muscles of hamstrings

A

Biceps femoris- Lateral posterior thigh
Semitendinosis- superficial posterior medial thigh
Semimembranosus- Deep medial posterior thigh

66
Q

Tibialis anterior

A

Superficial muscle on anterior leg laterally parallel sharp to anterior margin of tibia
ankle dorsiflexion

67
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

Two headed muscle and superficial posterior leg
plantar flexion

68
Q

Soleus

A

Deep to gastrocnemius
Agonis for plantar flexion

69
Q

Achilles tendon

A

Calcaneal tendon
Insertion is calcaneal
tendons of gastrocnemius and soleus
Strongest tendon in the body

Anatomy (19 decks)

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