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Skletal Muscules ll Flashcards

1
Q

Muscles are divided into functional groups by

A

Fascia

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2
Q

Compartments

A

Groups of muscle of similar developmental functions or origin 

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3
Q

Upper limb
Anterior compartment

A

Muscles in anterior compartment of the arm act to flex arm at shoulder or flex forearm at elbow
Muscles in anterior compartment of the forearm acts as wrists in digit flexor and pronators

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4
Q

Upper limb
Posterior compartment

A

Muscles in posterior compartment of the arm extend forearm at elbow
Muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm acts as wrist and digit extensors

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5
Q

Lower limb
Anterior compartment

A

Muscles in anterior compartment of the thigh acts to flex thigh at hip or extend leg at knee
muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg acts as dorsal flexors and digital extensors

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6
Q

Lower limb
posterior compartment

A

Muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh acts to extend thigh at hip or flexed the leg at the knee
muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg acts as plantar and digital flexors

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7
Q

Lower limb
Medial and lateral compartment

A

Muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh adduct the thigh
Muscles in the lateral component of the leg plantar flex and evert the foot

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8
Q

Elevation

A

Raise or shrug shoulders

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9
Q

Depression

A

Lower shoulders

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10
Q

Protraction

A

Slide scapula away from spine

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11
Q

Retraction

A

Slide scapula towards spine 

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12
Q

Shoulder forward Flexion

A

Raise arm forward and up

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13
Q

Shoulder extension

A

Lower arm down and back

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14
Q

Upward rotation

A

Moves scapula inferior angolateraly
Lift arm out to the side

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15
Q

Downward rotation

A

Moose scapular inferior anglomedially
Lower arm from side

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16
Q

Pectoralis minor

A

Skin flat muscle in anterior thoracic, deep to pectoralis major
protraction and downward rotation of scapula

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17
Q

Serratus anterior

A

Multiple muscle fibers form sawtooth edges
deep to pectoral muscle, superior to external oblique muscle form anterior Axilla
agonist for protraction of scapula
A.k.a. boxers muscles raising arms and hold horizontal position

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18
Q

trapezius

A

Triangular or kite shape muscle in superficial posterior thoracic
Upper fiber origin occipital bone, insertion of acrominon and scapular spine
Middle fibers origin  C7 and upper thoracic vertebrae insertion scapular spine
lower fibers origin lower thoracic vertebrae insertion scapular spine

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19
Q

trapezius fiber action on scapula

A

Upper fibers elevation of scapula
Middle fibers retraction of scapula
lower fibers depression of spine

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20
Q

Levator scapulae

A

Strap like muscle spans posterior neck and upper thorax deep to trapezius elevation of scapula

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21
Q

Rhomboids

A

To diamond shaped muscle deep to trapezius and inferior to levator scapulae stabilization or retraction of scapula

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22
Q

Pectoralis major

A

Large fan shaped muscle in superficial anterior thorax
Antagonist for shoulder forward flexion, arm adduction

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23
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

Broad muscle on posterior thoracic extending from waist to axilla
Agonist for shoulder extension
Helps with arm adduction
with arm overhead, pulls body up

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24
Q

Deltoid

A

Triangular superficial muscle, forms calf of shoulder
Anterior fibers – shoulder forward flexion
Lateral fibers – downward rotation of scapula
posterior fibers – shoulder extension
When all fibers contract simultaneously, deltoid acts as agonist of arm, abduction

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25
Teres major
 rounded muscle inferior to teres minor Acts as synergist to latissimus dorsi
26
Rotator cuff
Muscle that originates from scapula and insert on Proximal humerus stabilizes shoulder joint
27
Tendons of rotator cuff
Supraspinatus- Posterior scapular above scapular spine Infraspinatus- Posterior scapular below scapular spine Teres minor-Posterior scapula, inferior in deep to infraspinatus Subscapularis- anterior scapula in subscapular fassa
28
Biceps brachii
Two headed muscle on anterior arm Synergis to elbow flexion
29
Brachialis
Anterior arm deep to biceps agonist in elbow flexion, generates twice as much of a fashion power as the more superficial biceps brachii
30
Triceps brachii
Three headed muscle on posterior arm agonist for elbow extension
31
Brachioradialis
Superficial muscle and lateral forearm forms lateral boundary for anti-cubital fossa Synergist in elbow flexion
32
Supinator
Deep muscle connects to humerus and connects to radius and ulna Supination
33
Pronator quadratus
Deep muscle connects distal radius and ulna pronation
34
Flexor carpi radialis
Runs diagonally that runs anterior forearm wrist flexion
35
Palmaris longus
Runs medial to Factor carpi radialis ending in aponeurosis in palm of hand Tenses skin in fassa of palm
36
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Most medial anterior forearm muscle wrist flexion and adduction
37
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Two headed muscle deep to flexor carpi radialis wrists and digit flexion
38
Flexor pollicis longus
Deep to flexor digitorum superficialis thumb flexion
39
Flexor retinaculum
Band of connective tissue on anterior wrist anchors tendons of flexor muscles to prevent bowing during wrist flexion
40
Carpal tunnel
Space between flexor retinaculum And carpal bone Passageway for flexor tendons in median nerve
41
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Inflammation of flexor tendons irritates median nerve resulting in weakness or numbness Caused by repeated motion injury
42
Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis
Parallel brachioradialis On the lateral forearm wrist extension and abduction
43
Extensor digitorum
Medial to extensor carpi radialis Agnes for digit extension
44
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Medial to extensor digitorum Synergies for wrist extension and adduction
45
Extensor pollicis longus and brevis
Diana only oriented muscle with tendons that pass over posterior wrist to insert on pollex Thumb extension
46
Anatomical snuffbox
Triangular depression on dorsal hand when thumb is fully extended Medial border is formed by the extensor pollicis longus Lateral border is formed by the extensor pollicis brevis Proximal border is formed by the styloid process of radius Floor is formed by the trapezium and scaphoid
47
PSosa major and minor
Deep muscle that pass anterior to hip joint Origin – T12 and lumbar vertebrae action c iliopsoas
48
Iliacus
Large Fan shaped muscle iliac fossa
49
Iliopsoas
Iliacus and psoas major form it Psoas and iliac merge to travel under the inguinal and insert on femor Insertion- ligament lesser trochanter of femor Action- agonist in hip flexion
50
When trunk is fixed contraction of the iliopsoas raises side towards trunk kicking upwards
Origin is T 12 – lumbar vertebrae insertion is the femur
51
When thighs fixed contraction of the iliopsoas Ben’s the trunk towards the thigh bowing forward
Origin is the femur in session is the T 12 – lumbar vertebrae
52
Tensor fascia latae
Muscle in anterolateral thigh
53
Iliotiibial band
Thick band of fassia formed by tensor fascia latae, gluteus medius, minimus tendors Study trunk on tie in stabilizes lateral movement
54
Gluteus maximus
Cover ischial tuberosity when standing, sitting: Moves superior leaving tuberosity exposed Agonist for hip extension
55
Gluteus medius
Abducts hips and medial rotates thigh
56
Gluteus minimus
Agonist for hip extension
57
Piriformis
Pyramid muscle inferior to gluteus minimus External rotation of hip
58
Quadriceps femoris
Four headed muscle in anterior thigh Insertion tibial tuberosity Action knee extension
59
Patellar ligament
Quadricep tendon converts to incase patella and insert on tibia
60
Rectus femoris
Superficial anterior thigh Origin- illum of os coaxe, Only quadricep muscle that crosses the hip joint Action synergist to hip flexion
61
Three quadricep muscles like deep to rectus in originate from femur
Vastus medialis- Teardrop shaped muscle in medial thigh Vastus lateralis- Lateral thigh Vastus intermedius- Deep to rectus femoris
62
sartorius
Longest muscle in the body strap like muscle whose fibers run diagonally along the anterior thigh Origin- anterior superior lilac spine Insertion medial tibia action Synergist in hip flexion, abduction, external rotation Helps produce cross legged sitting position
63
Gracilis
Thin long muscle in medial anterior thigh Hip adduction
64
Hamstring
 main muscle of posterior thigh hip extension and agonist for knee flexion
65
The three muscles of hamstrings
Biceps femoris- Lateral posterior thigh Semitendinosis- superficial posterior medial thigh Semimembranosus- Deep medial posterior thigh
66
Tibialis anterior
Superficial muscle on anterior leg laterally parallel sharp to anterior margin of tibia ankle dorsiflexion
67
Gastrocnemius
Two headed muscle and superficial posterior leg plantar flexion
68
Soleus
Deep to gastrocnemius Agonis for plantar flexion
69
Achilles tendon
Calcaneal tendon Insertion is calcaneal tendons of gastrocnemius and soleus Strongest tendon in the body

Anatomy (19 decks)

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