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Anatomy > Nervous Tissue > Flashcards

Nervous Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the nervous system

A

It is the control center of the body

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2
Q

Sensory input

A

Receptors are sensory structures that Detect stimuli
Stimulus changes in body or environment

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3
Q

What can Sensory receptors monitor the body and the environment for

A

For stimuli and transmits information to spinal cord and brain

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4
Q

Integration

A

Spinal cord and brain processes information and determines the appropriate response

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5
Q

Motor output

A

Motor nerves sense commands to affect or tissues or organs

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6
Q

Central nervous system

A

Brain and spinal cord

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7
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

Cranial nerves and spinal nerves

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8
Q

Sensory division aka afferent division

A

Signal conduction towards central nervous system
Sensory nerves carry signals from receptors to spinal cord and brain

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9
Q

Somatic sensory division

A

Receive signals from skin, body wall, and limbs

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10
Q

Visceral sensory division

A

Internal organs
Receives signals from thoracic and abdominal visceral

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11
Q

Motor Division a.k.a. Efferent division

A

Signal conduction away from Cns
Motor neurons carry signals to CNS to the Effectors

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12
Q

Somatic motor division

A

Transmit signal CNS To skeletal muscle
Voluntary nervous system produces voluntary muscle contraction

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13
Q

Visceral motor division

A

Autonomic nervous system / Involuntary
Transmits signals CNS To cardiac and smooth muscles

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14
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

Fight or flight
gets body ready for activity

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15
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

Rest and digest
conserves energy

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16
Q

Neurons

A

Cells that Conduct electrical impulses
Function = neurotransmission

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17
Q

Neuroglia

A

Cells that support neurons

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18
Q

Neurotransmission

A

Generation and conduction of electrical signals throughout the body

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19
Q

Action potential

A

Electrical signals the neuronal cell membrane

20
Q

What are some properties of neurons

A

Neurons exhibit longevity
Neurons do not divide
Neurons have exceptionally high metabolic rate

21
Q

What are the components of A neuron

A

Soma, cell membrane, dendrites, axon, axon hillock, myelin sheath, nodes of ranvier and axon terminal

22
Q

Soma

A

Single central nucleus surrounded by cytoplasm and usual organelles


23
Q

Nissl bodies

A

Chromatphillic substances are large clusters of rough endoplasmic reticulum and free ribosomes that stain well with basic dyes

24
Q

Cell membrane

A

Can receive signals from other neurons

25
Q

Dendrites

A

Short extensions of soma
Receive signals and conduct them towards Soma

26
Q

Axon

A

Nerve fiber
single line extension from soma

27
Q

Axon hillock

A

Origen of axon from soma
help generate action potential

28
Q

Myelin sheath

A

Fat and white covering of axon
insulate signal conduction along axons Which greatly speeds of transmission

29
Q

Nodes of ranvier

A

Small unmyelinated gaps of axon
In myelinated axons action potential jumps from node to node which speeds of transmission

30
Q

Axon terminal

A

End of axons that participate synapse

31
Q

Synapse

A

Connection of axon terminals of a neuron and target cell

32
Q

Neuroglia

A

Glia cells Can undergo mitosis
Support neurons
Most cancers in the brain originate from glia cells and referred as gliomas

33
Q

Astrocytes

A

Star shaped glia cells with multiple projections

Control chemical environment around neurons which is critical for neural transmission
Form part of blood brain barrier

34
Q

What is blood brain barrier

A

A protective membrane around central nervous system to help prevent spread an infection

35
Q

Microglia

A

Small cell bodies with multiple cell projections
Ingest foreign material
they are phagocytes and are derived from blood monocytes/macrophages

36
Q

Ependymal cells

A

Form simple epithelium that lines cavities of the brain and ventricles
Cerebrospinal fluid

37
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

Cells with fewer projections
form myelin on central nervous system axons
Segments of myelin are formed by Oligodendrocytes projections that are flatten and rolled to layers around CNS axon

38
Q

Neuroglia of PNS
 Satellite cells

A

Surround neural soma

39
Q

Schwann cells

A

For myelin on PNS axons
Segments of myelin are formed by Schwann cells projections that are flattened and rolled in concentric layers around the PNS axons
Cover Axons of unmyelinated neurons but loosely without node of ranvier

40
Q

Where are unmyelinated axons found

A

In autonomic nervous system and in some sensory fibers

41
Q

Nerves

A

Collection of nerve fiber in PNS bound together called epineurium 

42
Q

Components of connective tissue in pns

A

Endoneurium, perineurium and epineurim

43
Q

Endoneurium

A

Loose connective tissue surrounding myelin sheath formed by Schwann cells

44
Q

Perineurium

A

Connective tissue surrounding nerve fascicles

Nerve fascicles– Groups of axon bundle together by perineum

45
Q

Epineurium

A

Tough outer layer of connective tissue that wraps around a nerve

46
Q

What do connective tissue that surrounds axons and nerve contain

A

They contain blood vessels That provide nutrients to axons and Schwann cells

Anatomy (19 decks)

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