Heart Flashcards
What are the main components of the cardiovascular system
Heart is the pump blood is the fluid blood vessels are the tubes
Main function of CV system
Deliver oxygen and nutrients to cells and tissues
removes CO2 and other waste from cells and tissue
transport hormones and other substances
Red is
High in oxygen low in CO2
Blue is
Low and O2 high and CO2
Heart
Pumps blood
size of fist
Mediastinum, posterior to sternum
Contents of the mediastinum
Heart in Pericardial cavity
Great vessels
Esophagus
trachea
Apex
Inferior tip of heart rests on top of diaphragm usually deep to L nipple
Heart sits obliquely Apex point towards left lower chest
Base
Superior border of heart
Great vessels
Large vessels enter or exit heart
SVC, IVC, pulmonary trunk/pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, aorta
Arteries
Blood vessels carry blood away from heart
aorta is the largest artery in the body
Veins
Blood vessels carry blood to heart
vena cava are the largest veins in the body
Pericardium
Sack that encloses heart
Fibrous pericardium
Tough outer layer of connective tissue that fuses to the roots of the great vessels at the base of the heart and diaphragm inferiorly
Help hold heart in place and prevent overfilling with blood
Parietal pericardium
Middle layer of serosa
Serosa membrane
Bi layered membrane that secrete serious fluid
Visceral pericardium
Inner layer fuses to the outer wall of the heart and is often considered to be part of the heart wall
Pericardial space/cavity
Between parietal and visceral pericardium
Pericardial fluid
Serious fluid made of parietal pericardium
within pericardial space
lubricates heart as it contracts
Epicardium
Outer layer
visceral pericardium
simple squamous epithelium
Myocardium
Middle layer
cardiac muscle
thickest layer of the heart wall thickness depends on work load of each chamber
Cardiac muscle
Involuntary striated muscle capable of generating Electrical impulses
Under involuntary control
Endocardium
Innermost layer simple squamous Epithelium
 cardiocgtes a.k.a. cardiomyocytes
Heart muscle cell
one central nucleus and multiple nuclei
The arrangement of thick and thin filaments are due to striations
Short thick and branched serves other to from networks
Intercalated disc
Connections between cardiocytes
Gap junctions
Pores within Intercalated disc that allow ions to flow from one cell to another
What is the function of Intercalated discs and gap junctions
Synchronizes electrical activity and contraction between cells
Desmosomes
Macula adherents
Small structures in intercalated discs that hold cardio sides together
cell to cell adhesion
Desmosomes find the individual cardio sites together otherwise the force of every heartbeat could pull apart the cardio sites causing them to lose their connection to one another one reason that cardio sites are so effective at their job is that they are physically touching each other and share
Gap junctions and intercalated disc
Atria
Right atrium, left atrium
Inter-atrial septum– Wall between atria
Coronary sulcus- Horizontal groove visible on hard surfaces between atria and ventricles
Collect blood
Ventricles
Right ventricle, left ventricle
Interventricular septum – wall between ventricles
Interventricular sulcus Dash vertical groove visible on surface that overlies the interventricular septum
Pumps blood
Valves
Flap of tissue between chambers in arteries
Atrioventricular valve
Tricuspid valve – right AV valve
Bicuspid valve- mitral valve
Between atria and ventricles
Semi lunar valves
Pulmonary/pulmonic valve Dash between RV and pulmonary trunk
Aortic valve dash between LV an aorta
Between ventricles and great arteries
Functions of valves
Open to allow blood flow
Close to prevent backflow or regulations
Valves are one way in general valves ensure that blood flows from
Right to left atria to ventricle ventricle to great arteries
LUb dub
Caused by closure of valves
LUb
Closure of AV valves
Dub
Closure of semi lunar valves
Superior vena cava drains
Deoxygenated blood from head and upper extremities
Inferior vena cava drains
Deoxygenated blood from torso and lower extremities
Coronary sinus drains
Deoxygenated blood from myocardium
What exit through the tricuspid valve
SVC, IVC, coronary sinus
 Blood enters the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve and exit through
Pulmonic valve into pulmonary trunk function pump blood into lungs
Blood enters through pulmonary arteries and Deliver to lungs what are the functions
Receives deoxygenated blood from right heart, perform gas exchange, sends oxygenated blood to left heart
Where does the blood from the lungs exit
Through pulmonary veins
Right and left pulmonary veins enter left atrium and exits through and what is the function
Miral and bicuspid valve
Collect freshly oxygenated blood from the lungs
Blood from the left ventricle enters through bicuspid and mitral valve An exit through
Aortic valve
Trabeculae Carneae
Internal ridges textures surfaces that prevent Ventricles walls from cleaning together during contraction allows for ventricles to expand more easily to fill with blood
Chordae tendinae
Strands of connective tissue that attaches flaps Of AV valves to papillary muscle
Papillary muscle
Small extensions of myocardium that anchors coordinate chordae tendinae to ventricles
What are the functions of chordae tendinae and Papillary muscles
Reinforces AV valves and prevents them from blowing out when close
