skinners-functional view Flashcards
Reinforcement
“A reinforcement is any separable event in an environment that increases the probability that an emitted behavior (operant) will recur.”
The “active organism”
organisms are inherently active, emmitt new behaviors all the time, organisms emit behaviors in order to perform operation on environment→operant behaviors
The nature of reinforcements
satisfying responses to operant behaviors(reward or satisting response), increase probability of recurring behavior.
New and novel behaviors
occur randomly all the time, only the ones that are positively reinforced will reoccur….repeated those are only those that have been positively reinforced by the environment in the past
3 key concepts at core of reinforcement
- reinforcement increases prob that an emitted behavior will reoccur
-Reinforcements must be separate from behavior its self
-Reinforcements must be apart of environment in which behavior occur
no behaviors are
internally reinforced…organisms not responsible for behaviors rather the environment is responsible for behaviors
Types of reinforcements(any separable event in environment that increases prob that emitted behavior will reoccur)
Positive (presence), negative (removal), punishment
positive
(presence)-giving something to increase prob that desired behavior will reoccur
negative
(removal)- removal of something aversive to increase prob that desired behavior will reoccur
punishment
giving something aversive to decrease prob that undesired behavior will recur
Behavioral repertoire
set of acquired behaviors that an organism exhibits given the environment in which the organism behaves-all of us have unique repertoire
Behaviors that makeup the repertoire are…
a function of reinforcement contingencies in the environment
functional analysis
technique used to determine environmental stimuli that control behavior-systematically add and withdraw various contingencies of reinforcement to study the effect of those contingencies on behavior
