skinner-early work/ operant box

Question 1

Not a mechanistic

Answer 1

wanted to know correlation between stimulation and response-what conditions in environment control behavior? Took no interest in thoughts feelings or any internal determinate of behavior…all behavior controlled outside of our volition and controlled by reinformcment

Question 2

ŸHeavily influenced by

Answer 2

Pavlov and Thorndike

Question 3

quote

Answer 3

“I could not…move without a jolt from salivary reflexes to the important business of the organism in everyday life.”

Question 4

Skinner box

Answer 4

aka, operant conditioning chamber)-some animal placed in box bars for rodents and primates or buttons for pigeons to press. Upon pressing the apparatus reinforcement in the form of food would be released.

Question 5

Cumulative recorder

Answer 5

used to record behavior graphically-could look at the schedules of reinforcement and their effect on behavior-mark behavioral response on rotating drum with paper-used to study response rates

Question 6

Response rates (or slopes of record)

Answer 6

ratio between two measurements with different units, button presses per minute(outcome)

Question 7

Schedules of reinforcement

Answer 7

broadly continuous and intermittent

Question 8

ŸContinuous

Answer 8

reward given after every desired response

Question 9

Intermittent

Answer 9

rewards given after subset of desired responses-may receive after certain amount-used after continuous schedule has brought behavior under the control of behavior modifier-reduce the amount of reinforcement necessary to control behavior

Question 10

Four types of intermittent

Answer 10

ratio, interval, fixed, variable

Question 11

Ratio

Answer 11

certain number of desired responses to produce reinforcement, may have to peck 5 times before reward

Question 12

Interval

Answer 12

certain amount of time that must pass and then the next desired response after that amount of time produces reinforcement

Question 13

Fixed

Answer 13

desired number of responses or the amount of time that must pass are consistent-on either schedule there is consistency

Question 14

Variable

Answer 14

desired number of responses or or amount of time that must pass are varied from one reinforcement to the next- on either schedule there isn’t consistency

Question 15

Resistance to extinction

Answer 15

response rate of zero-no behavior being omitted

Question 16

How can we produce resistance to extinction

Answer 16

cannot be on continuous schedules of reinforcement- too much reinformcemt is not economical- without reinforcement the behavior will move to extinction-intermittent schedules are highly resistant to extinction