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PSP > Skin Lesions > Flashcards

Skin Lesions Flashcards

1
Q

skin function

A

. homeostasis
. Provides locations for sensory reception of touch, pressure, temp. & pain
. Protects underlying tissues from microorganisms, substances, & radiation
. Modulates body temp
. Minor excretory role .Synthesizes vitamin D

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2
Q

percent body weight skin makes up

A

16%, heaviest organ

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3
Q

important characteristics in describing skin lesion

A

size, shape, symmetry, distribution, color, elevation, consistency, borders

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4
Q

macule

A

Flat non palpable lesion less than 1.0 cm

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5
Q

patch

A

Flat non palpable lesion 1.0 cm or greater

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6
Q

papule

A

Palpable elevation less than 1.0 cm

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7
Q

plaque

A

Palpable elevation 1.0 cm or greater

Often formed by coalescence of papules

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8
Q

coalescence of papules

A

papules come together as the get larger

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9
Q

how are tinea infections classified?

A

involved site

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10
Q

tinea barbae location

A

beard

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11
Q

tinea capitis location

A

scalp

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12
Q

tinea ungium/ onychomycosis location

A

nails

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13
Q

tinea cruris location

A

groin

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14
Q

tinea manuum location

A

hand

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15
Q

tinea pedia location

A

feet

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16
Q

tinea corporis location

A

all other areas on skin

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17
Q

most common tinea infection in pre-pubertal kids

A

tinea corporis & tinea capitis

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18
Q

most common tinea infection in adolescents & adults

A

tinea cruris, tinea pedis, and tinea unguium

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19
Q

how does tinea corporis present?

A

. erythematous, scaly, pruritic patch w/ central clearing & raised border
. Lesions may be single or multiple

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20
Q

vesicle

A

Palpable elevation with serous fluid less than 1.0 cm

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21
Q

bulla

A

Palpable elevation with serous fluid 1.0 cm or greater

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22
Q

nodule

A

. “knot like” lesion larger than 0.5 cm

. Deeper and more firm than a papule

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23
Q

pustule

A

filled w/ pus

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24
Q

cyst

A

Nodule filled with expressible material – liquid or semi solid

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25
Q

wheal

A

Irregular, relatively transient, superficial

area of localized skin edema

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26
Q

primary skin lesion types

A

macule, patch, papule, plaque, vesicle, bulla, nodule, pustule, cyst, & wheal

27
Q

common allergy triggers

A

Foods, medicines, insect bites and sting, pollen, and contact with foreign substance (latex)

28
Q

secondary skin lesion types

A

scale, crusting, lichenification, erosion, ulcer, excoriation, scar, fissure

29
Q

scale lesion

A

thin flake of dead exfoliated epidermis

30
Q

crusting

A

dried residue of skin exudates

31
Q

lichenification

A

Visible and palpable thickening of the epidermis & roughening of skin w/ increased visibility of normal skin furrows, occurring w/ tons of itching over time

32
Q

herpes zoster is usually confined to single ___

A

dermatome

33
Q

what is a secondary lesion in herpes zoster?

A

crusted over lesions at end of disease process

34
Q

how long does herpes zoster usually last?

A

7-10 days

35
Q

erosion lesion

A

non scarring loss of the superficial epidermis; surface is moist but does not bleed

36
Q

ulcer

A

a deeper loss of epidermis and dermis from venous or arterial insufficiency; may bleed and scar

37
Q

excoriation

A

linear or punctate erosions caused by scratching

38
Q

scar

A

increased connective tissue that arises from injury or disease

39
Q

keloids

A

hypertrophic scarring that extends beyond the borders of the initiating injury

40
Q

fissure

A

a linear crack in the skin, often resulting from excessive dryness

41
Q

how is eczema characterized?

A

chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by pruritic, erythematous, and scaly skin lesions located on flexural surface of body

42
Q

eczema triggers

A

extreme hot/cold weather, stress, dry skin, fragrances, harsh skin
products, tight/scratchy clothing

43
Q

hyperpigmented lesions

A

benign nevus, dysplastic nevus

44
Q

bengin nevus

A

. Round or oval shaped
. Sharply defined borders . Uniform color
. Diameter < 6 mm
. Flat or raised surface

45
Q

dysplastic nevus

A

. Varied in color, but often dark and larger than 6 mm

. Irregular borders that fade into surrounding skin

46
Q

skin malignancy

A

squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, & melanoma

47
Q

squamous & basal cell carcinoma

A

. most often occurs on sun-exposed skin

. result from prolonged exposure to (UV) radiation from sunlight or tanning beds

48
Q

Percentage of skin malignancy that are basal cell carcinoma

A

80%

49
Q

melanoma

A

. Most fatal form of skin malignancy
. aggressive and will go into lymph quickly
. Often develop in areas with sun exposure

50
Q

melanoma prevalence increasing in what population

A

people under 40, especially women

51
Q

what increases risk of melanoma

A

Exposure to (UV) radiation from sunlight or tanning beds

52
Q

what is the first sign of melanoma

A

change in existing mole

53
Q

ABCDE acronym

A 
. Asymmetry
. Borders (irregular)
. Color (variation)
. Diameter (>6 mm)
. Evolution
54
Q

pressure ulcer

A

localized injury to skin and/or underlying tissue due to unrelieved pressure

55
Q

common sites for pressure ulcer

A

sacrum, heels, ischial tuberosities, greater trochanters, and lateral malleoli

56
Q

how pressure ulcers occur

A

. external pressure > arterial capillary pressure
. impedes blood flow depriving tissues of O2 & nutrients
. local ischemia & tissue damage

57
Q

intrinsic risk factors of pressure ulcers

A

decreased mobility, poor nutrition, decreased

sensation, decreased blood flow, aging skin

58
Q

extrinsic risk factors of pressure ulcers

A

pressure , friction, moisture (incontinence)

59
Q

what is staging of pressure ulcers based on?

A

depth of destroyed tissue

60
Q

stage 1 pressure ulcer

A

. Intact skin, erythematous area that fails to blanch w pressure . Discoloration preceded by temp, consistency, sensation, color changes or pain

61
Q

stage 2 pressure ulcer

A

Partial-thickness skin loss involving the epidermis, dermis or both

62
Q

stage 3 pressure ulcer

A

Full thickness skin loss • Damage of subcutaneous tissue that may extend to,
but NOT through, underlying muscle
. subcutaneous fat may be visible, but bone, tendon, & muscle aren’t

63
Q

stage 4 pressure ulcer

A

Full thickness skin loss with exposed bone, tendon, and/or muscle

PSP (35 decks)

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