Anorexia Flashcards by Emily Mosher

Hyporexia

Dec. in eating

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Anorexia

Complete lack of eating

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Dysrexia

Altered patterns of eating

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Broselow chart

Measure child’s height with chart and tell you which cart and supplies to use in emergency

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Loss of appetite

. Do not have the same desire to eat as you used to
. Signs: unintentional weight loss, not feeling hungry, nauseous
. Fatigue from lack of calories
. Can be caused by chronic of long-term fatigue

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

HPA axis

. Many hormones play a role in regulating hunger
. Hypothalamus will release hormone to anterior pituitary
. Ant. Pituitary releases hormones to effect target gland to release target hormone which affects hunger

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Leptin

Inhibits hunger

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Ghrelin

Stimulates hunger

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Important ROS regarding anorexia

General/constitutional, GI and psychiatry

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Gastroenteritis

. Inflammation of stomach lining and small/large intestine
. Infectious via food, water, or person-person
. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, anorexia
. Lasts 3 days w/o antibiotics (self-limited 1-5 days)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How do diagnose gastroenteritis

Clinical/ stool culture, polymerase chain rxn testing and immunoassay

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Gastroenteritis treatment

. Symptomatic

. Parasitic/ bacterial infections requires anti-infective therapy

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Dysentery

Infectious diarrhea w/ bloody and mucous/WBCs in stool

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Clostridium difficile (C. Diff)

Infectious bug produced because of antibiotics but is treated w/ antibiotics

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CNS pathologies that could cause anorexia

. Symptoms: visual disturbance, headaches, inc. intracranial pressure accompanied by anorexia
. CNS tumors, esp. hypothalamus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Hypogeusia

Diminished sense of taste, food less desirable

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Vision and hearing problems affecting appetite

Interferes with mealtime socialization and causes social isolation
. Interfere with food prep

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Common medications associated w/ anorexia

. Stimulants
. Narcotics
. Antidepressants/ psych meds
. Diabetic meds
. Anticonvulsants
. Abrupt stopping of weed
. Antibiotics 
. Chemotherapy 
. Illicit drug use 
. Appetite suppressants

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cachexia

Wasting and weakness due to a chronic disease 9wasting syndrome)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

HIV

. Anorexia and cachexia can accompany this
. Involuntary weight loss and assoc. malnutrition
. Nausea and vomiting from mechanical obstruction, infectious complications, or med side effect
. Cytokine production inc. in HIV and inhibits hunger
. Early satiety from organomegaly
. Esophageal candidiasis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Malnutrition effect on immune function

Increases risk of infection and diminish tolerance to radiation, response to chemo, and overall survival

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Morbidity vs. mortality

. Morbidity: illness

. Mortality: death

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Depression and pseudo dementia

. Depression and pseudo dementia basically the same thing in elderly
. Low energy can be from under eating that can impair daily functioning
. Treatable with antidepressants

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Percentage of adults overweight in US?

50% (BMI >25)

Percentage of kids overweight and obese

. 17% kids overweight | . 15% kids obese

Percentage black women overweight

82%

Percentage white woman overweight

63%

Percentage Hispanic men overweight

79%

Percentage white men overweight

71%

Percentage black men overweight

69%

Which demographics have highest overweight prevalence

. Hispanic, black, lower income white adolescents

Percentage of people that are overweight that are actually told they are overweight

65%

Why obesity is higher in advanced countries

Lack of access to healthy food | Education problems

Why obesity is lower in 3rd world countries

. Malnourishment, low body weights . Lack of food . Education problems

Obesity increases risk of what diseases?

``` . Heart disease . Cancers . Stroke . Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) . Arthritis . Diabetes type 2 . Depression . Infertility . Inc. risk of death . Low quality of life ```

Factors affecting obesity

``` . SES . nutrition . Genetic makeup . Degree of fitness . Mood state . Early illnesses . Gender . Geographic location ```

Steps to promote optimal weight and nutrition

. measure BMI and circumference . Assess dietary intake . Assess patient’s motivation to change . Provide counseling about nutrition and exercise

What is used to calculate BMI

Height and weight

WHen is BMI not always indicator of health

. Muscular people could have high BMI | . Sick people may have low BMI

underweight BMI number

<18.5

Normal BMI number

18.5-24.9

Overweight BMI

25-29.9

Obesity class one

30-34.9

Obesity class 2 BMI

35-39.9

Obesity class III

>/= 40 | Extreme obesity

WHat use instead of BMI for kids?

Growth chart 85% in growth chart overweight 95% considered obese 120% extremely obese

CHance child is overweight if one parent is obese?

2-3x risk

CHance child is overweight if both parents are obese?

15x

ANorexia nervosa

``` . Refusal to maintain minimal body weight . BMI < 17.5 . Afraid of gaining weight . Starving, denial . Issue brought by concerned family . Assoc. w/ psychological issues ```

Bulimia Nervosa

. Repeated binge eating and self-induced vomiting . Misuse of laxatives, diuretics, fasting, or excessive exercise . Normal weight . Overeating at least once/week . Preoccupation w/ eating

Bulimia nervosa purging

Bulimic episodes accompanies by self-induced vomiting/ use of laxative, diuretics or enema

Bulimia nervosa non-purging

Bulimic episodes accompanies by compensatory behavior (fasting/ excessive exercising

Waiste circumference that puts you at risk

. Man: 40 | . Woman : 35

WHen do you not need to look at waist circumference?

If BMI is over 40

BIological complications cue to eating disorders

``` . Amenorrhea (lack of menstruation) . Thyroid disorder . Osteoporosis . Arrhythmia . Electrolyte disorders . Edema . Dental caries (acid erosion of enamel), fatigue, anemia, weakness, acid erosion on fingers . Skin issues ```

Mini nutritional assessments

. Has food intake declined over past 3 months from loss of appetite, digestive problems, chewing or swallowing difficulties . Weight loss in last 3 months . Mobility . Has suffered psychological stress or acute disease in past 3 months

What circumference can you use in mini nutritional assessment if BMI not available?

Calf circumference

Mini nutritional assessment score ranges and meaning

. 12-14: normal nutritional status . 8-11: at risk of mail nutrition . 0-7: malnourished

Stages of change model

. Precontemplation: unaware of problem, no interest in change . Contemplation: aware of problem, beginning to think to change . Preparation: realizes benefit of making change and thinking about how to change . Action: actively taking steps toward change . Maintenance: initial treatment goals reached