Mouth Pain Flashcards
Gingiva
. Gums
. May be different color
. Has frenulum that connects gingiva and lips
. Attaches to alveolar mucosa and further the labial mucosa and lip
Things to inspect with teeth
. Color
. Missing or loose teeth
. Tenderness
. Abnormal positioning
Components of the tongue
. Papillae
. Lingual frenulum (connects tongue to floor of mouth)
. Protrusion of tongue
Things to inspect on oral exam
. Ant. And post. Pillars . Uvula . Soft and hard palates . Pharynx . Tonsil . Buccal mucosa (lines cheeks) . Stenson’s duct (parotid duct, upper 2nd molar)
How to check pharynx
. Ask patient to say “Ah”
. Look at symmetry, tonsillar pillars, palates
. Look for swelling, abscess, exudate, masses
. Checks CN X
Sialithiasis
. Salivary gland stone
. Common for parotid gland
Cheilitis
. Nutritional deficiency
. Dentures problems
. Candidates infection
. Issue with lip
Herpes simplex
Painful vesicular lesions
Angioedema
. Swelling of lips/tongue or eyelids due to allergies to meds, chemicals, or food
Exudative tonsillitis
See exudate on tonsils
Pharyngitis
Redness of pharynx
Thrush
. Candidates infection
. Seen in immunocompromised state or long steroid use
Torus palatinus
. Midline bony growth in hard palate
Mucosal petechiae
. Small bruises on inside of mouth . Accidentally biting while chewing . Coagulopathy or thrombocytopenia issue . Anticoagulant use . Denture problems/abnormal bite
Leukoplakia
. Thickened white patch on oral mucosa
. Causes: HPV, tobacco, cancer
Gingivitis
. Gum margins inflamed
. Interdental papillae blunted
. Common occurs because film of plaque or bacteria accumulates on teeth
. Non-destructive type of periodontal disease
. If untreated can lead to periodontitis
Gingival hyperplasia
. Enlarged and heaped gums
. Noted in Dilantin toxicity
. Pregnancy
. Leukemia
Hairy tongue
. Yellowish/blackish color on tongue
. Causes: candida, poor hygiene, antibiotic use
Fissured tongue
. Food gets trapped in tongue
. Poor odor to it
Hairy leukoplakia
. Whitish patches that can’t be scraped off
. HIV/AIDS cause
Candidiasis
. Whitish patches on tongue that can be scraped off
. Seen in immunocompromised or chronic steroid use
Primary teeth
. Start appearing at 6 mo . White . Premolars absent . 2 molars each quadrant . 20 teeth total
Secondary teeth
. Start appearing 6 y/o . Slight yellow tinge . Premolars present . 3 molars each quadrant . 32
Labial surface of tooth
. Part of teeth that meet when mouth is closed
Medial surface of teeth
. Short side of tooth nearest median of jaw line
Distal surface of tooth
. Short side of tooth farthest from median of jaw line
Are fractured cusp and cracked tooth treatable or not treatable?
Treatable if crack does not go beneath crown
Are are cracked tooth beneath crown and split tooth treatable or not treatable?
Not treatable
Marginal gingivitis
. Young and pregnancy . Red and swollen . Blunted papillae . Bleeding gums . Plaque formation
Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
. Young, febrile . Lymphadenopathy . Interdental papillae ulcers . Necrosis of gums . Pseudomembrane formation . Foul breath
Pregnancy tumor/pregnancy epulis/pyogenic granuloma
. Red purple papules
. Painless
. Bleed
. Resolve w/ delivery
Periodontal disease
. Gum disease
. Infection of tissues that hold teeth
. Caused by poor brushing and flossing that allow plaque or sticky film of bacteria to build up on teeth and harden
Occlusion w/ teeth
. Contact btw teeth
. Represents relationship btw maxillary and mandibular teeth when they approach each other
Malocclusion
. Misalignment or incorrect relation btw the teeth of 2 dental arches when they approach each other as the jaws close
Classes of malocclusion
. Class I . Class II: subdivides into division 1, 2, or subdivision . Class III: divides into class III, pseudo class III, or subdivision
Attrition
. Yellow brown dentin showing . Elderly . Loosening of teeth appearance . Gum recession . Repetitive use (grinding)
Abrasion in teeth
. Notching occurs
. Recurrent trauma
. Sidesare normal, only middle it weird (holding nails or Bobby pins in mouth)
Hutchinson in teeth
. Smaller and wide spaced
. Congenital syphilis
. Affects upper permanent incisors
Oral cancer
. Growth or sore in mouth that does not go away
. Includes cancer of lips, tongue, cheeks, floor of mouth, palates, sinuses, and pharynx
Types of intraoral malignancies
. Tumors originate from surface epithelium: squamous cell carcinoma (most common) or melanoma
. Tumors from glandular tissue: adenocarcinoma, adenocystic carcinoma, and mucoepidermoid carcinoma
. Tumors from mesenchymal tissues: sarcoma, lymphoma
Oral cancer treatments
. Surgery: preferred . Radiotherapy: for patients not willing for surgery due to cosmetic or functional deficits or unfit for general anesthesia . Chemotherapy . Immune therapy . Photodynamic therapy
Diagnostic testing for dental complaint
. Physical exam . Endoscopy . Biopsy and cytology . Oral brush biopsy . HPV testing . X-rays . Barium swallow . CT or PET scan
Treatment options for dental complaints
. Antibiotics: amoxicillin or clindamycin orally x10 days, antivirals and immune deficient related meds in needed
. Pain meds
. Dental blocks per tooth or regional
. Abscess incision and drainage
. Provide free/reduced price dentist info
