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PSP > Cough > Flashcards

Cough Flashcards

1
Q

Cough

A

. Body response when something irritates throat
. Irritant simulates nerve that relays message to brain to have muscles in chest and abdomen push air out of lungs to force out irritant

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2
Q

Prolonged vigorous coughing can cause ___

A

Headaches, urinary incontinence and broken ribs

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3
Q

Acute cough

A

. <3 weeks
. Viral URI (most common)
. Acute bronchitis, pneumonia, left-sided HF, Asthma, Foreign body, smoking, ACE-inhibitor therapy

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4
Q

Sub-acute cough

A

. 3-8 weeks

. Post-infectious cough, pertussis, acid reflux (GER), Bacterial sinusitis, asthma

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5
Q

Chronic cough

A

. Over 8 weeks

. Post nasal drip (PND), asthma, gastroesophageal reflux (GER), chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis

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6
Q

Bronchiectasis

A

. Bronchial wall inflammation causing inability to clear mucous
. Usually from infection

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7
Q

ROS important when evaluating cough

A 
. General
. Skin
. Musculo/osteopathic
. HEENT
. Neck
. Chest, heart, lungs 
. Abdomen/GI
. Extremities 
. Neurologic
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8
Q

Chest pain, shortness of breath, and cough

A

. Can be from heart, lungs, and other structures

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9
Q

Important information in relation to cough

A 
. Fever
. Weight loss/gain
. Type of cough (dry, purulent, blood, whitish-clear sputum)
. Post nasal drip
. wheeze
. Orthopnea
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10
Q

What spinal level is tracheal bifurcation

A

T4

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11
Q

What rib level is inf. Tip of scapula

A

Level at 7th rib

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12
Q

Thoracentesis landmark

A

Interspace T7-8

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13
Q

Right lung lobes

A

. Upper
. Middle
. Right
. Separated by horizontal and right oblique fissures

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14
Q

Left lobes

A

. Upper
. Lower
. Separated by left oblique fissure

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15
Q

Trachea

A

. Bifurcated at sternal angle ant. And T4 spinous process post.
. Bifurcated into 2 main bronchi at carina
. Right and left mainstem bronchus

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16
Q

Pleura

A

Membrane that covers lung

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17
Q

Parietal pleura

A

. Lines inner rib cage and upper surface of diaphragm

. Richly innervated by intercostal and phrenic nerves

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18
Q

Visceral pleura

A

. Covers outer surface of lung

. Lacks sensory nerves

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19
Q

Pleural space

A

. Space between parietal and visceral pleura
. Some fluid to lubricate surfaces (pleural fluid)
. May inc. size or fill w/ fluid (pleural effusion)

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20
Q

T/F auscultate directly on skin not through clothing

A

T

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21
Q

Rales

A 
. Fine Crackles (soft, high pitched)
. Coarse crackles (louder, low pitched) 
. Intermittent non-musical 
. Smaller airways
. Fluid in lungs (alveoli)
. Seen in CHF, pneumonia 
. Doesn’t clear w/ coughing
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22
Q

Rhonchi

A 
. Larger airways
. Obstruction/fluid accumulation in larger airways 
. Low pitched 
. May change w/ or w/o coughing 
. Seen in COPD, pneumonia
23
Q

Wheezing

A

. Effects bronchi
. Constriction
. Air trying to pass through bronchioles
. Seen in asthma and bronchitis
. Occurs during expiration
. Musical sounds, prolonged through narrow airways
. High pitched

24
Q

Stridor

A

. Upper airway
. Over trachea
. Foreign airway obstruction

25
Q

Adventitious lung sounds

A

. Abnormal sounds heard when auscultations a patient’s lungs and/or airways

26
Q

Pleural friction rub

A

. Squeaking/grating sounds of pleural linings rubbing together
. Directly assoc. w/ inspiration and expiration (can’t be auscultated if patient holds breath
. Result of inflamed pleural layers which are inflamed and lost lubrication

27
Q

GREAT BAD TOM CAT

A 
. GERD
. Rhinitis
. Embolism
. Asthma/COPD
. TB
. Bronchitis
. Aspiration
. Drugs 
. Thoughts
. Other (hiatal hernia)
. Malignancy
. CF/cardiogenic
. Achalasia: failure esophageal smooth muscle to relax 
. Thyroid enlargement
28
Q

Vesicular sounds

A 
. Inpiratory sounds 
. Last longer than exploratory sounds
. Soft
. Low pitch 
. Found over most of both lungs
29
Q

Bronchovesicular sounds

A

. Inspiratory and expiratory sounds equal
. Intermediate sound intensity
. Intermediate pitch
. Found in 1st and 2nd interspaces ant. And btw scapulae

30
Q

Bronchial sounds

A

. Expiratory sounds last longer than inspiratory ones
. Loud sound
. High pitch
. Found overmanubrium (larger prox. Airways)

31
Q

Tracheal sounds

A

Inspiratory and expiratory sounds equal
. Very loud high pitch
. Found over trachea in neck

32
Q

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

. Chronic disease of lungs where alveoli become damaged

. Inc. mucous production and overly distended alveoli/general hyperaeration

33
Q

Hyperaeration

A

. Limitation of expiratory air flow

34
Q

COPD signs and symptoms

A 
. Progressive dyspnea
. +/- wheezing
. Dec. exercise tolerance
. Cough/sputum production
. Inc. chest in AP diameter
. Nicotine stained fingers
. Central cyanosis
. Nail clubbing 
. Pursed lip breathing
35
Q

COPD etiology

A

. Smoking/secondhand smoke
. Occupational dust/chemicals
. Indoor air pollution from cooking stoves

36
Q

Emphysema

A

. Pathological diagnosis

. Permanent enlargement/destruction of airspaces distal to terminal bronchiole

37
Q

Emphysema signs/symptoms

A

. Older and thin
. Severe dyspnea
. Quiet chest
. Hyperinflation w/ flatter diaphragms on x-ray

38
Q

GERD

A

Condition where gastric fluid flows backward into esophagus

39
Q

GERD signs and symptoms

A 
. Cough
. Bloating
. Burping
. Nausea
. Weight loss
. Wheezing
. Heartburn/chest pain
. Red vocal cords
. Hoarseness
. Dysphagia
. Melena
. Hematochezia
40
Q

GERD etiology

A 
. Overeating
. Weak/dysfunctional lower esophageal sphincter 
. Prolonged transit time 
. Inc. stomach acidity
. Foreign body
. Anatomic abnormality
41
Q

Conditions that inc. risk of GERD

A 
. Obesity
. Smoking
. Meds
. Pregnancy
. CT disorders
. Fatty food diet
42
Q

Bronchitis

A

. Inflammation of mucous membrane in bronchial tubes
. Infectious etiology
. Causes bronchospasm and coughing, nausea, fever, weakness, dyspnea, chest pain, weight loss, inspiratory stridor

43
Q

Pneumonia

A

. Inflammation of lungs
. Etiology (bacterial, viral, fungal, atypical) that causes air sacs to full w/ pus and become solid
. Inflammation may affect both lungs, one, or only certain lobes

44
Q

Asthma

A

. Reversible respiratory condition
. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness involving release of inflammatory mediators, inc. airway secretions, and bronchoconstrition

45
Q

Asthma signs and symptoms

A 
. Cough
. Wheezing
. Chest tightness
. Dyspnea
. Dec. breath sounds
46
Q

Asthma etiology

A

. Exposure to various irritants and substances that trigger allergies
. Can trigger signs and symptoms of asthma

47
Q

Fine crackle

A

. Predominantly inspiration
. Dry, high pitched crackling, popping
. Short duration
. Seen in COPD, CHF, pneumonia, pulmonary fibrosis, atelectasis

48
Q

Coarse crackle

A

. Inspiration
. Moist, low pitched crackling, long duration, gurgling
. pneumonia, Pulmonary edema, bronchitis, atelectasis

49
Q

Sonorous wheeze

A

. Low pitched snoring
. Expiration
. Asthma, bronchitis, airway edema, tumor, bronchiolar spasm, obstruction

50
Q

Sibilant wheeze

A

. Expiration
. High pitched, musical
. Asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, tumor, obstruction

51
Q

Chronic bronchitis

A 
. Daily productive cough for 3+ months in at least 2 consecutive years
. Overweight
. Cyanotic
. Elevated Hb
. Peripheral edema 
. Rhonchi and wheezing
52
Q

Melena

A

Dark black poop assoc. w/ upper GI bleeding

53
Q

Hematochezia

A

Fresh blood through anus in or w/ poop

. Bright red

PSP (35 decks)

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