Blurry Vision

Question 1

Iritis

Answer 1

. Redness of eye seen at limbus (area where cornea meets sclera)
. Ant. Uveitis
. Pain
. Pupil may be slightly constricted
. Visual loss variable
. Leukocytes seen in ant. Chamber during slit lamp exam

Question 2

Presbyopia

Answer 2

. Gradual loss of ability to focus on near objects

. Occurs w/ age

Question 3

Macular degeneration

Answer 3

. Degenerative condition affecting central part of retina
. Occurs w. Age
. Wet or dry macular degeneration
. Some may worsen fast

Question 4

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)

Answer 4

. Affects central vision
. Dressed deposits and neovascularization
. Risk factors: age, ethnicity (whites more than blacks), smoking and alcohol, diet, family history, chronic medical problems (AIDs, vascular disease)

Question 5

Corneal abrasion

Answer 5

. Bruising of cornea 
. Painful, tearing 
. May or may not have vision loss 
. Always rule out foreign body 
. Diagnosed w/ florescein stain

Question 6

Corneal foreign body

Answer 6

. Could be dust or small particle
. Painful. Irritation or tearing of eyes
. May lead to corneal injury/abrasion
. May penetrate globe
. Do detailed eye exam: look inside eyelids, fluorescein stain, and imaging)

Question 7

Esotropia

Answer 7

Eye turned inward

Question 8

Exotropia

Answer 8

Eye turned outward

Question 9

Hypertropia

Answer 9

Eye turned upward

Question 10

Hypotropia

Answer 10

Eye turned downward

Question 11

Seidel’s test

Answer 11

. Tests for ocular leak

Question 12

Oculomotor nerve paralysis

Answer 12

. Eye downward and outward gaze
. Dilated pupil
. Eyelid manually elevated due to ptosis

Question 13

Papilledema

Answer 13

. Inc. intracranial pressure

. Blurred disk margins

Question 14

Superficial retinal hemorrhage

Answer 14

. Common w/ severe hypertension and papilledema

Question 15

Deep retinal hemorrhages

Answer 15

. Dot or blot hemorrhages

. Common cause diabetes

Question 16

Microaneurysms in eye cause

Answer 16

Diabetic retinopathy

Question 17

Cotton-wool patches cause

Answer 17

. Hyper tension
. DM
. HIV

Question 18

Number of Americans 12 or older visually impaired

Answer 18

14 million

. Visual acuity of =/> 20/59

Question 19

Percentage of adults 40-49 that are visually impaired

Answer 19

5%

Question 20

Percentage of adults 80 or over that are visually impaired

Answer 20

26%

Question 21

Primary open -angle glaucoma

Answer 21

Leading cause of visual impairment in US
. Loss of retinal ganglion cell axons in peripheral visual fields
. Intraocular pressure determines progression
. Risk factors: over 65 y/o, black, DM, myopia, elevated intraocular pressure =/> 21 mmHg
. Find pallor and inc. in optic cup size on eye exam

Question 22

Presbyopia

Answer 22

. Gradual loss of ability to see clearly close up
. Common over 40 y/o
. Lens become more rigid w/ age
. Reading glasses bend light

Question 23

Myopia

Answer 23

. Nearsightedness

. Inability to see far

Question 24

Hyperopia

Answer 24

. Farsightedness

. Inability to see near

Question 25

Astigmatism

Answer 25

. Imperfect shape of cornea or lens

. Inability to see near or far

Question 26

Normal visual acuity

Answer 26

20/20 OD (right eye)

20/20 OS (left eye)

Question 27

Tonometer

Answer 27

Tests intra-ocular pressure

Question 28

Retinal detachment

Answer 28

. Separation of retina from post. Eye

. Causes retinal ischemia, painless vision loss, flashes of light

Question 29

Central retinal artery occlusion

Answer 29

. Painless, sudden vision loss
. Pupil may be dilated
. Retinal edema

Question 30

Acute angle-closure glaucoma

Answer 30

. Blurred vision, eye redness, frontal headache
. Colored halos around lights, severe eye pain
. Inc. intraocular pressure, sluggish pupil, hazy cornea
. Risk factors: hyperopia, myopia, narrow angle and shallow ant. Chamber