Blurry Vision Flashcards
Iritis
. Redness of eye seen at limbus (area where cornea meets sclera)
. Ant. Uveitis
. Pain
. Pupil may be slightly constricted
. Visual loss variable
. Leukocytes seen in ant. Chamber during slit lamp exam
Presbyopia
. Gradual loss of ability to focus on near objects
. Occurs w/ age
Macular degeneration
. Degenerative condition affecting central part of retina
. Occurs w. Age
. Wet or dry macular degeneration
. Some may worsen fast
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)
. Affects central vision
. Dressed deposits and neovascularization
. Risk factors: age, ethnicity (whites more than blacks), smoking and alcohol, diet, family history, chronic medical problems (AIDs, vascular disease)
Corneal abrasion
. Bruising of cornea . Painful, tearing . May or may not have vision loss . Always rule out foreign body . Diagnosed w/ florescein stain
Corneal foreign body
. Could be dust or small particle
. Painful. Irritation or tearing of eyes
. May lead to corneal injury/abrasion
. May penetrate globe
. Do detailed eye exam: look inside eyelids, fluorescein stain, and imaging)
Esotropia
Eye turned inward
Exotropia
Eye turned outward
Hypertropia
Eye turned upward
Hypotropia
Eye turned downward
Seidel’s test
. Tests for ocular leak
Oculomotor nerve paralysis
. Eye downward and outward gaze
. Dilated pupil
. Eyelid manually elevated due to ptosis
Papilledema
. Inc. intracranial pressure
. Blurred disk margins
Superficial retinal hemorrhage
. Common w/ severe hypertension and papilledema
Deep retinal hemorrhages
. Dot or blot hemorrhages
. Common cause diabetes
Microaneurysms in eye cause
Diabetic retinopathy
Cotton-wool patches cause
. Hyper tension
. DM
. HIV
Number of Americans 12 or older visually impaired
14 million
. Visual acuity of =/> 20/59
Percentage of adults 40-49 that are visually impaired
5%
Percentage of adults 80 or over that are visually impaired
26%
Primary open -angle glaucoma
Leading cause of visual impairment in US
. Loss of retinal ganglion cell axons in peripheral visual fields
. Intraocular pressure determines progression
. Risk factors: over 65 y/o, black, DM, myopia, elevated intraocular pressure =/> 21 mmHg
. Find pallor and inc. in optic cup size on eye exam
Presbyopia
. Gradual loss of ability to see clearly close up
. Common over 40 y/o
. Lens become more rigid w/ age
. Reading glasses bend light
Myopia
. Nearsightedness
. Inability to see far
Hyperopia
. Farsightedness
. Inability to see near
Astigmatism
. Imperfect shape of cornea or lens
. Inability to see near or far
Normal visual acuity
20/20 OD (right eye)
20/20 OS (left eye)
Tonometer
Tests intra-ocular pressure
Retinal detachment
. Separation of retina from post. Eye
. Causes retinal ischemia, painless vision loss, flashes of light
Central retinal artery occlusion
. Painless, sudden vision loss
. Pupil may be dilated
. Retinal edema
Acute angle-closure glaucoma
. Blurred vision, eye redness, frontal headache
. Colored halos around lights, severe eye pain
. Inc. intraocular pressure, sluggish pupil, hazy cornea
. Risk factors: hyperopia, myopia, narrow angle and shallow ant. Chamber