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NURS252 > Skin, Hair, and Nails > Flashcards

Skin, Hair, and Nails Flashcards

1
Q

annular

A
  • circular
  • begins in centre and spreads to periphery
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2
Q

annular examples

A

tinea corporis (ringworm), tinea versicolor, pityrias rosea

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3
Q

confluent

A
  • lesions that merge together
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4
Q

confluent examples

A

urticaria (hives)

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5
Q

discrete

A
  • distinct, individual lesions that remain separated
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6
Q

discrete examples

A

molluscum

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7
Q

grouped

A

clustered of lesions

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8
Q

grouped examples

A

vesicles of contact dermatitis

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9
Q

gyrate

A

twisted, coiled, spiral, snakelike

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10
Q

target

A
  • also called iris
  • concentric rings of colour in lesions
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11
Q

target examples

A

erythema multiforme

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12
Q

linear

A

a scratch, streak, line, or stripe

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13
Q

polycyclic

A

annular lesions that grow together

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14
Q

polycyclic examples

A

lichen planus, psorasis

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15
Q

Zosteriform

A

linear arrangement along nerve route

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16
Q

zosteriform example

A

herpes zoster

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17
Q

macule

A
  • solely a color change; flat and circumscribed, < 1 cm diameter
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18
Q

macule examples

A

freckles, flat nevi, hypopigmentation, petechiae, measles, scarlet fever

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19
Q

papule

A

solid, elevated circumscribed, ,1cm diameter, caused by superficial thickening of the epidermis

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20
Q

papule examples

A

elevated nevus (mole), lichen planus, molluscum, wart (verruca)

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21
Q

patch

A

macules >1cm diameter

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21
Q

patch examples

A

congenital dermal melanocytosis

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22
Q

plaque examples

A

psorasis, lichen planus

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22
Q

plaque

A

papules that calesce to form surface elevation wider than 1cm; plateaulike, disc shaped lesion

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23
Q

nodule

A

solid, elevated, hard or soft, > 1cm diameter
- may extend deeper into the dermis than a papule

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24
Q

nodule examples

A

xanthoma, fibrma, intradermal nevi

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25
Q

tumour

A

larger than a few cm in diameter
- firm or soft
- deeper in the dermis
- may be malignant or benign

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26
Q

tomour example

A

lipoma, hemangioma

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27
Q

wheal

A

superficial, raised, transient, and erythematous, slightly irregular shape becasue of edema

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28
Q

wheal examples

A

mosquito bite, allergic reaction, dermographism

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29
Q

urticaria (Hives)

A

wheals that coalesce for extensive reaction; intensely pruitic

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30
Q

vesicle

A

also called blister
- elevated cavity containing clear free fluid

31
Q

vesicle example

A

herpes simplex, early varicella (chicken pox), herpes zoster (shingles), contact dermatitis

32
Q

bulla example

A

friction blister, pemphigus, burns, contact dermatitis

33
Q

pustule

A

cavity filled with turbid fluid (pus); circumscribed and elevated

34
Q

pustule example

A

impetigo, acne

35
Q

crust

A

thickened, dried outexudate left when vesicles/pustules burst or dry up; color can be red-brown, honeylike, or yellow depending on fluids ingredients

36
Q

crust example

A

impetigo, weeping eczemstous dermatitis, scab after abrasion

37
Q

fissure

A

linear crack with abrupt edges, extending into dermis; dry or moist

38
Q

fissure examples

A

cheiolosis (corners of the mouth;result of excess mositer), athletes foot

39
Q

excoriation

A

self inflicted abrasion, superfical; sometimes crusted
- caused by scratching

40
Q

excoriation example

A

scratching insect bites, scabies, dermatitis, varicella

41
Q

lichenification

A

thickening of the skin with production of tightly packed sets of papules; caused by prolonged intense scratching

42
Q

keloid

A

hypertonic scar
- elevation of the resulting skin level by excess scar tissue

43
Q

keloids are more present in individuals

A

of african american descent

44
Q

seborrhea

A

oily

45
Q

xerosis

A

dry

46
Q

subjective data acronymm

A

SAMPLE
-symptom assesment
- allergies
- medications
- past history
- last visit to health professional
- evaluation of fucntional assesment

47
Q

pruritis

A

itching

48
Q

pallor

A

red pink tones from oxygenation in the blood; skin is white

49
Q

jaundice

A

yellow discoloration; indicated rubin in the blood

50
Q

cyanosis

A

dusty blue; signifies decreased perfusion

51
Q

erythema

A

intense redness

52
Q

how to asses tempurature

A

dorsal aspect of the hand

53
Q

0+ edema

A

no pitting edema

54
Q

1+ edema

A
  • mild pitting, no indentation, no perceptible swelling of the leg
  • 2mm depression that disappears rapidly
55
Q

2+ edema

A
  • moderate pitting, indentation subsides rapidly
  • 4mm depression that disappears in 10-15 seconds
56
Q

3+ edema

A
  • deep pitting, indentation remains short time, legs look swollen
  • 6mm depression that lasts more than 1 min
57
Q

4+ edema

A
  • very deep pitting, indentation lasts a long time, leg is very swollen
  • 8mm depression that can last more than 2 minutes
58
Q

how to asses skins mobility and turgor

A
  • grasp/pinch a large fold of skin between thumb and index fingure
  • pull up wand release
  • skin should return
  • use anterior chest for accuracy
59
Q

skins mobility

A

skins ease of rising

60
Q

skin tugor

A

skins ability ro return to place promptly

61
Q

primary lesions

A

direct result of disease process

62
Q

secondary lesions

A

evolves from primary (scratching, trauma, infection, healing process)

63
Q

a braden scale score of 12 or less =

A

high risk

64
Q

what are the 6 components of the braden scale

A
  1. sensory perception
  2. moisture
    3, activity
  3. mobility
  4. nutrition
  5. friction and shear
65
Q

normal capillary refill

A

colour returns in less than 2-3 seconds

66
Q

albinism

A

total absence of pigent melenin throughout the integument

67
Q

vitiligo

A

patchy depigmentation from the destruction of melanocytes

68
Q

hyperemia

A

increased blood flow through engorged arterioles, such as inflammation, fever, alcohol intake, blushing

69
Q

polycythemia

A

increased number of red blood cells
- capillary stasis

70
Q

carotenemia

A

increased serum carotene from ingestion of large amount of carotene rich foods

71
Q

uremia

A
  • in renal failure
  • urochrome pigments contained in the blood
72
Q

cherry anginomas

A

small, smooth, slightly raised bright red dots that commonly appear of the trucks of adults over 30

73
Q

how to asses if moles are benign vs malignant

A

ABCDE
- asymmetry
- border irregularity
- color variation
- diameter
- elevation, enlargement or evolution

74
Q

benign characteristics

A
  • symmetrical
  • even borders
  • one shade
  • smaller than 6cm (1/4 inch)
75
Q

malignant characteristics

A

asymmertical
- uneven border
- two or more shades
- larger than 6cm (1/4 inch)

76
Q

skin cancer prevention

A

self examination
sunscreen

NURS252 (13 decks)

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