Assessment of nose, mouth, throat Flashcards
which sinuses are accessible fro examination
- frontal
- maxiallary
parnasal sinuses
air-filled pockets within the cranium
tubinates function
increase the surface area so that more blood vessels and mucous membranes are avaliable to warm, humidify, and moisten air
how many permanant teeth do adults have
32
temporary teeth that children have are called
deciduous teeth
epistaxis
nosebleeds
expected color of the sinuses
light red color or pink, smooth, mosit surface
expected upon palpatation of the sinuses
no pain or tenderness
circumoral pallor
whiteness around the lips
circumoral pallor is indicative of
shock and anemia
cyanosis
blushish tinge
cheilitis (perleche)
swollen patches and crackeling at the corners
cheilitis (perleche) is indicative of
herpes simplex and other lesions
halitosis
bad breath
maloccclusion
if tooth loss occurs, teeth drift, causing upper and lower incisors to protrude
rhinorrhea
discharge
rhinorrhea occurs with
colds, allergies, sinus infection, or trauma
trauma and cocaine use may cause
diviated septum
epistaxis can occur with
trauma, vigourous nose blowing, use of nonsteriodal anti-inflammatory drugs or anticoagulant medications, foreign body or cocaine use
how should a patient treat nossebleeds
should sit with head up tilted forward and pinch the nose between the thumb and the forefinger for 5-15 minutes
what is the main factor in tooth decay and periorbital disease
sugar
untreated dysphagia increases risk for
aspiration pneumonia, malnutrition, and dehydration
odynophagia
pain upon swallowing
prolonged bottle use increases risk for
tooth decay and middle ear infections
polyps
smooth, pale grey, avascular, motile and nontender growths
periorbital disease is linked with
cardivascular disease, diabetes, pulmonary infections, kidney disease, and osteoporosis
caries
decay
enamel erosion is indicative of
eating disorder
malocclusion
protrusion of the upper or lower incisors
dark line on the gingival margins occurs with
lead and bismuth poisioning
macroglossia
enlargement of the tongue
- occurs with allergic and anaphylatic reactions)
saliva is decreased with
anticholinergic medications
saliva is increased with
neurological disfunction and gingivostomatitis
drappled brown patches are present on the buccal mucousa in
adisons disease (chronic adrenal insufficency)
the stensens duct becomes red in
mumps
kopiks spots
early prodomanal sign of measles
stensens duct expected finding
- opening of the paratoid salivary gland
- small dimple opposite to the second molar
leukodedma
a benign greyish opaque area that may be present along the buccal mucosa
- more common in people of african or asian decent
leukoplakia
a chalky raised patch (is abnormal)
torus palatinus
- normal modular bony ridge
- arises after puberty and is more common in indigenous peoples an dpeople of african or asian decent
oral kaposi sacrcoma
- most common early leasion in people with AIDS
1+ tonsils
tonsils are visable
2+ tonsils
tonsils are between the pillars
3+ tonsils
tonsils are touching the uvula
4+ tonsils
tonsils (one or both) are extended to the midline of the oropharynx
bifid uvula
looks as if the uvula is spilt in 2
- posterior pharyn is red with white patches
- tonsils are large with white patches
- uvula is red and swollen
viral pharyngitis and tonsilitis
- tonsils, pillars, and uvula are very red and swollen, with patches of white or yellow exudates on the tonsils
- posterior pharynx is bright red
- patient reports soreness of the throat with swallowing
- typical findings or strep throat and tonsilitis
- usually associated with significant lymphadenopathy
greyish membrane covering the tonsils uvula and soft plate
- typical diptheria, acute tonsilitis, or infectous mononucleosis
patient speaks with a hoarse voice and the larynx is red
- overuse fo voice, inflammation due to viral or bacterial, lesions of the larynx, foreign bodies
- could be from enlarged thyroid gland
- patient has difficulty opening mouth
- unilateral tonsil swelling
- unusual phonation
- associated with peritonsillar abscess (common in people with history of frequent tonsilitis)
chronic 3+ 4+ tonsils
obstructive sleep apnea
