Chapter 24: Musculo-Skeletal System Flashcards
1
Q
bone
A
hard, ridgid, and very dense
2
Q
functions of the musculoskaletal system
A
- support
- movement
- protect vital orders
- produce red blood cells
- reservoir for the storage of essential minerals (calcium, phosphorous)
3
Q
joint
A
place of union between 2 bones
4
Q
nonsynovial joints
A
- bones are united by fibrous tissue or cartilage and are immovable or slightly moveable
EXAMPLE: sutures in the skull, vertebrae
5
Q
synovial joints
A
are freely moveable because the bones are separate from each other and enclosed in a joint
6
Q
synovial fluid purpose
A
fluid that allows the sliding of opposing forced which enables movement
7
Q
what covers synovial joints
A
cartilage
8
Q
ligaments
A
fibrous bands running directly from one bone to another that strenghtens the joint and help prevent movement in undesirable directions
9
Q
bursa
A
enclosed sac filled with viscous synovial fluid
10
Q
where are bursas located
A
located in areas of potential friction and help muscles and tendons glide smoothly over bone
- subacrominal bursa of the shoulder
- prepatellar bursa of the knee
11
Q
what percent of body weight do muscles account for
A
40-50%
12
Q
skeletal muscle is composed of
A
bundles of muscle fibres (fasciculi)
13
Q
tendon
A
how skeletal muscles are attatched to bone
14
Q
flextion
A
bending a limb at the joint
15
Q
extension
A
straightening the limb at the joint
16
Q
abduction
A
moving a limb away from the midline of the body
17
Q
adduction
A
moving a limb toward the midline of the body
18
Q
pronation
A
turning the forearm so that the palm is down
19
Q
supination
A
turning the forearm so the palm is up
20
Q
circumduction
A
moving the are in a circle around the shoulder
21
Q
inversion
A
moving the sole of the foot inward at the ankle
22
Q
eversion
A
moving the sole of the foot outward at the ankle
23
Q
rotation
A
moving the head around a central axis
24
Q
protraction
A
moving a body part forward and parallel to the ground
25
retraction
moving a body part backward and parallel to the ground
26
elevation
raising a body part
27
depression
lowing a body part
28
temporomandibular joint
the articulation of the mandible and temporal bone
29
what are the three actions the temporomandibular joint does
- hinge action to open and close the jaws
- gliding action for protrusion and retraction
- gliding action for side-by-side movement of the lower jaw
30
the spinous processes of C7 and T1 are prominent at
the base of the neck
31
the inferior angle of the scapula normally is at the interspace between
T7 and T8
32
intervertebral discs
elastic fibrocartilaginous plates that constitute 1/4 of the lenght of the column
33
nucleous pulposus
- in the center of the intervertebral discs
- made up of soft, semifluid, mucoid material that has the consistency of toothpaste
- acts as a shock absorber
34
glenohumeral joint
the articulation of the humerus with the glenoid fossa of the scapula
- ball and socket action
35
the subacromial bursa helps during
abduction of the arm
36
the elbow joint contains which 3 bony articulations
- humerus
- radius
- ulna
37
radiocarpal joint
articualtion of the radius (thumb side) and a row of carpal bones
38
condyloid action enables movement in two planes ar right angles:
- flexion and extension
- side-to-side deviation
39
midcarpal joint
the articulation between two parallel rows of carpal bones
40
the metacarpophalangeal and the interphalangeal joints enable
finger flexion and extension
41
the knee joint is the articulation of which 3 bones
- femur
- tibia
- patella
42
tibiotalar joint is the articulation of the
- tibia
- fibula
- talus
43
tibiotalar joint actions
- flexion (dorsiflextion)
- extension (plantar flextion)
44
lenghtening occurs at the
epiphyses
45
epiphyses
growth plates
46
the most characteristic change during pregnancy is
progressive lordosis
- shifting the weight further back on the lower extremities
47
osteoporosis
loss of bone density
48
what are the most common musculoskeletal concerns
joint pain and loss of function
49
rheumatoid arthritis
symmetrical, involving the same joints on both sides
50
when is rheumatoid arthritis most painful
in the morning
51
when is psteoarthritis worse
later in the day
52
when is tendinitis worse
in the morning and improves during the day
53
myalgia is usually found as
cramping or aching
54
widespread musculo-skeletal pain lasting more then 3 months or longer and associated with fatigue is suggestive of
fibromyaligia
55
calf pain may represent
intermittent claudation
56
functional assesment is used to
asses the saftey of independent living, the need for home care services, and quality of life
57
active volunatary ROM
while modelling the movements yourself as appropriate; can use your own movements as control
58
if limitation, generally attempt
passive motion
59
passive motion
persons muscles relaxed while you move the body part
60
Articular Disease
Inside the joint capsule, such as arthritis
- produces swelling and tenderness around the whole joint
- limits both active and passive ROM in all planes
61
Extra-articular disease
injury to a specific tendon, ligament or nerve
- produces swelling and tenderness to one spot
- affects ROM in only certain planes
62
Crepitation
audible palpable crunching or grating that accompanies movement
- occurs when the articular surfaces in the joints are roughened, as in rheumatoid arthritis
63
grade 5 ROM
- full ROM against gravity, full resistance
- 100%
- normal
64
grade 4 ROM
full ROM against gravity, some resistance
- 75%
- good
65
grade 3 ROM
full ROM with gravity
- 50%
- fair
66
grade 2 ROM
full ROM with gravity eliminated (passive motion)
- 25%
- poor
67
grade 1 ROM
slight contraction
- 10%
- trace
68
grade 0 ROM
no contraction
- 0%
- zero
69
Temporomandibular joints ROM muscle testing movements
- vertical motion
- lateral motion
- protrusion
70
cervical spine ROM muscle testing movements
- flexion
- extension
- lateral bend
- rotation
71
shoulder ROM muscle testing movements
- flexion
- extension
- abduction
- adduction
72
elbow ROM muscle testing movements
flexion
extension
73
wrists and hands ROM muscle testing movements
- flexion
- extension
74
hip ROM muscle testing movements
- flexion
- extension
- internal rotation
- external rotation
- abduction
- adduction
75
knee ROM muscle testing movements
flexion
extension
76
ankle ROM muscle testing movements
- flexion
- extension
- inversion
- eversion
77
spine ROM muscle testing movements
- flexion
- extension
78
subcutaneous nodules
raised, firm, nontender, overlying skin moves freely
- occur with rheumatoid arthritis
79
ulnar deviation
fingers list to ulnar side
80
ankylosis
wrist with extreme flexion
81
dupuytrenc contracture
flexion contracture of one or more fingers
82
positive phalen test
numbness and burning sensation occurs with carpal tunnel syndrome
83
positives tinels sign
burning and tingeling sensations along its distribution occurs with carpal tunnel syndrome
84
components of the axial skeleton
- facial bones
- auditory ossicles
- vertebrae
- ribs
- sternum
- hyoid bone
85
components of appendicular skeleton
- scapula
- clavicle
- bones of the pelvis and leg
86
circumduction
- moving the arm in a cirlce around the shoulder
87
rotation
- moving the head around a central axis
88
arthritis determinate of health
- biology and genetics
- income and social status, employment and working conditions
- access to health services
- personal health practices
89
fractures social determinates
- biology and genetic endowment
- income and social status, employment and working conditions
- access to health services
90
when would you do an acute assesment
- trauma
- bleeding
- fracture
91
expected findings of phalen test
- no symptoms with acute wrist flexion 60 seconds
92
+ phalen test
numbness and burning sensation (carpal tunnel syndrome)
93
tinnels sign
percuss median nerve of wrist
94
expected tinnels sign
no symtpms
95
+ tinnels signs
- unexpected
- burning and tingeling (carpal tunnel)
96
bulge sign
fluid in the suprapatellar pouch
97
ballottement of patella
larger amounts of fluid
98
mcmurry test
patients with reported history of trauma followed by locking, giving away, or local pain in the knee
99
developmental considerations in older adults
- fatigue
- gait changes
- muscle deterioration
- decreased strenght
- fall risk
- aids
- medications
- functional assesment
100
developmental considerations for adolescents
- increase of sport related injuries
- kyphosis
- scoliosis
