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NURS252 > Chapter 24: Musculo-Skeletal System > Flashcards

Chapter 24: Musculo-Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

bone

A

hard, ridgid, and very dense

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2
Q

functions of the musculoskaletal system

A
  • support
  • movement
  • protect vital orders
  • produce red blood cells
  • reservoir for the storage of essential minerals (calcium, phosphorous)
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3
Q

joint

A

place of union between 2 bones

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4
Q

nonsynovial joints

A
  • bones are united by fibrous tissue or cartilage and are immovable or slightly moveable
    EXAMPLE: sutures in the skull, vertebrae
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5
Q

synovial joints

A

are freely moveable because the bones are separate from each other and enclosed in a joint

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6
Q

synovial fluid purpose

A

fluid that allows the sliding of opposing forced which enables movement

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7
Q

what covers synovial joints

A

cartilage

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8
Q

ligaments

A

fibrous bands running directly from one bone to another that strenghtens the joint and help prevent movement in undesirable directions

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9
Q

bursa

A

enclosed sac filled with viscous synovial fluid

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10
Q

where are bursas located

A

located in areas of potential friction and help muscles and tendons glide smoothly over bone
- subacrominal bursa of the shoulder
- prepatellar bursa of the knee

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11
Q

what percent of body weight do muscles account for

A

40-50%

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12
Q

skeletal muscle is composed of

A

bundles of muscle fibres (fasciculi)

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13
Q

tendon

A

how skeletal muscles are attatched to bone

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14
Q

flextion

A

bending a limb at the joint

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15
Q

extension

A

straightening the limb at the joint

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16
Q

abduction

A

moving a limb away from the midline of the body

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17
Q

adduction

A

moving a limb toward the midline of the body

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18
Q

pronation

A

turning the forearm so that the palm is down

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19
Q

supination

A

turning the forearm so the palm is up

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20
Q

circumduction

A

moving the are in a circle around the shoulder

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21
Q

inversion

A

moving the sole of the foot inward at the ankle

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22
Q

eversion

A

moving the sole of the foot outward at the ankle

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23
Q

rotation

A

moving the head around a central axis

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24
Q

protraction

A

moving a body part forward and parallel to the ground

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25
Q

retraction

A

moving a body part backward and parallel to the ground

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26
Q

elevation

A

raising a body part

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27
Q

depression

A

lowing a body part

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28
Q

temporomandibular joint

A

the articulation of the mandible and temporal bone

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29
Q

what are the three actions the temporomandibular joint does

A
  • hinge action to open and close the jaws
  • gliding action for protrusion and retraction
  • gliding action for side-by-side movement of the lower jaw
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30
Q

the spinous processes of C7 and T1 are prominent at

A

the base of the neck

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31
Q

the inferior angle of the scapula normally is at the interspace between

A

T7 and T8

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32
Q

intervertebral discs

A

elastic fibrocartilaginous plates that constitute 1/4 of the lenght of the column

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33
Q

nucleous pulposus

A
  • in the center of the intervertebral discs
  • made up of soft, semifluid, mucoid material that has the consistency of toothpaste
  • acts as a shock absorber
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34
Q

glenohumeral joint

A

the articulation of the humerus with the glenoid fossa of the scapula
- ball and socket action

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35
Q

the subacromial bursa helps during

A

abduction of the arm

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36
Q

the elbow joint contains which 3 bony articulations

A
  • humerus
  • radius
  • ulna
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37
Q

radiocarpal joint

A

articualtion of the radius (thumb side) and a row of carpal bones

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38
Q

condyloid action enables movement in two planes ar right angles:

A
  • flexion and extension
  • side-to-side deviation
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39
Q

midcarpal joint

A

the articulation between two parallel rows of carpal bones

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40
Q

the metacarpophalangeal and the interphalangeal joints enable

A

finger flexion and extension

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41
Q

the knee joint is the articulation of which 3 bones

A
  • femur
  • tibia
  • patella
42
Q

tibiotalar joint is the articulation of the

A
  • tibia
  • fibula
  • talus
43
Q

tibiotalar joint actions

A
  • flexion (dorsiflextion)
  • extension (plantar flextion)
44
Q

lenghtening occurs at the

A

epiphyses

45
Q

epiphyses

A

growth plates

46
Q

the most characteristic change during pregnancy is

A

progressive lordosis
- shifting the weight further back on the lower extremities

47
Q

osteoporosis

A

loss of bone density

48
Q

what are the most common musculoskeletal concerns

A

joint pain and loss of function

49
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

symmetrical, involving the same joints on both sides

50
Q

when is rheumatoid arthritis most painful

A

in the morning

51
Q

when is psteoarthritis worse

A

later in the day

52
Q

when is tendinitis worse

A

in the morning and improves during the day

53
Q

myalgia is usually found as

A

cramping or aching

54
Q

widespread musculo-skeletal pain lasting more then 3 months or longer and associated with fatigue is suggestive of

A

fibromyaligia

55
Q

calf pain may represent

A

intermittent claudation

56
Q

functional assesment is used to

A

asses the saftey of independent living, the need for home care services, and quality of life

57
Q

active volunatary ROM

A

while modelling the movements yourself as appropriate; can use your own movements as control

58
Q

if limitation, generally attempt

A

passive motion

59
Q

passive motion

A

persons muscles relaxed while you move the body part

60
Q

Articular Disease

A

Inside the joint capsule, such as arthritis
- produces swelling and tenderness around the whole joint
- limits both active and passive ROM in all planes

61
Q

Extra-articular disease

A

injury to a specific tendon, ligament or nerve
- produces swelling and tenderness to one spot
- affects ROM in only certain planes

62
Q

Crepitation

A

audible palpable crunching or grating that accompanies movement
- occurs when the articular surfaces in the joints are roughened, as in rheumatoid arthritis

63
Q

grade 5 ROM

A
  • full ROM against gravity, full resistance
  • 100%
  • normal
64
Q

grade 4 ROM

A

full ROM against gravity, some resistance
- 75%
- good

65
Q

grade 3 ROM

A

full ROM with gravity
- 50%
- fair

66
Q

grade 2 ROM

A

full ROM with gravity eliminated (passive motion)
- 25%
- poor

67
Q

grade 1 ROM

A

slight contraction
- 10%
- trace

68
Q

grade 0 ROM

A

no contraction
- 0%
- zero

69
Q

Temporomandibular joints ROM muscle testing movements

A
  • vertical motion
  • lateral motion
  • protrusion
70
Q

cervical spine ROM muscle testing movements

A
  • flexion
  • extension
  • lateral bend
  • rotation
71
Q

shoulder ROM muscle testing movements

A
  • flexion
  • extension
  • abduction
  • adduction
72
Q

elbow ROM muscle testing movements

A

flexion
extension

73
Q

wrists and hands ROM muscle testing movements

A
  • flexion
  • extension
74
Q

hip ROM muscle testing movements

A
  • flexion
  • extension
  • internal rotation
  • external rotation
  • abduction
  • adduction
75
Q

knee ROM muscle testing movements

A

flexion
extension

76
Q

ankle ROM muscle testing movements

A
  • flexion
  • extension
  • inversion
  • eversion
77
Q

spine ROM muscle testing movements

A
  • flexion
  • extension
78
Q

subcutaneous nodules

A

raised, firm, nontender, overlying skin moves freely
- occur with rheumatoid arthritis

79
Q

ulnar deviation

A

fingers list to ulnar side

80
Q

ankylosis

A

wrist with extreme flexion

81
Q

dupuytrenc contracture

A

flexion contracture of one or more fingers

82
Q

positive phalen test

A

numbness and burning sensation occurs with carpal tunnel syndrome

83
Q

positives tinels sign

A

burning and tingeling sensations along its distribution occurs with carpal tunnel syndrome

84
Q

components of the axial skeleton

A
  • facial bones
  • auditory ossicles
  • vertebrae
  • ribs
  • sternum
  • hyoid bone
85
Q

components of appendicular skeleton

A
  • scapula
  • clavicle
  • bones of the pelvis and leg
86
Q

circumduction

A
  • moving the arm in a cirlce around the shoulder
87
Q

rotation

A
  • moving the head around a central axis
88
Q

arthritis determinate of health

A
  • biology and genetics
  • income and social status, employment and working conditions
  • access to health services
  • personal health practices
89
Q

fractures social determinates

A
  • biology and genetic endowment
  • income and social status, employment and working conditions
  • access to health services
90
Q

when would you do an acute assesment

A
  • trauma
  • bleeding
  • fracture
91
Q

expected findings of phalen test

A
  • no symptoms with acute wrist flexion 60 seconds
92
Q

+ phalen test

A

numbness and burning sensation (carpal tunnel syndrome)

93
Q

tinnels sign

A

percuss median nerve of wrist

94
Q

expected tinnels sign

A

no symtpms

95
Q

+ tinnels signs

A
  • unexpected
  • burning and tingeling (carpal tunnel)
96
Q

bulge sign

A

fluid in the suprapatellar pouch

97
Q

ballottement of patella

A

larger amounts of fluid

98
Q

mcmurry test

A

patients with reported history of trauma followed by locking, giving away, or local pain in the knee

99
Q

developmental considerations in older adults

A
  • fatigue
  • gait changes
  • muscle deterioration
  • decreased strenght
  • fall risk
  • aids
  • medications
  • functional assesment
100
Q

developmental considerations for adolescents

A
  • increase of sport related injuries
  • kyphosis
  • scoliosis

NURS252 (21 decks)

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