Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NURS252 > Chapter 25: Neurological System > Flashcards

Chapter 25: Neurological System Flashcards

1
Q

CNS includes

A

brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

afferent messages

A

to the CNS from sensory receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

efferent messages

A

from the CNS out to muscles and glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

left hemisphere

A
  • dominant in 95% of right handed people and many who are left handed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

frontal lobe functions

A
  • personality
  • behaviour
  • emotions
  • and intellectual functions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

parietal lobe functions

A

contains postentral gyrus, which is the primary centre for sensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

occipital lobe

A

primary visual receptor centre

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

temporal lobe

A

primary auditory receptor centre

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

wernickes area

A
  • language comprehension
  • damage creates receptive aphasia (person hears sound, but has no meaning)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

brocas area

A

mediates motor speech
formation of words
- damage creates expressive aphasia (person cannot talk; however they understand language)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

basal ganglia

A
  • grey matter buired deep within the two cerebral hemispheres
  • balance the production of acetylcholine and dopamine
  • control automatic assoicated movement of the body, such as the arm swing that alternates with leg movements during walking
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

thalamus

A

“relay system”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

hypothalamus

A
  • controlling temp
  • heart rate
  • blood pressure
  • regulating sleep
  • regulating the anterior and posterior pituitary gland
  • coordinating autonomic system activity and emotional status
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

cerebellum

A
  • motor coordination of voluntary movements
  • equilibrium
  • muscle tone
    *coordinates and smooths movement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the brainstem consists of

A
  • midbrain
  • pons
  • medulla
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

medulla functions

A
  • vital autonomic (respiratory, cardiac, GI functions)
  • cranial nerves VIII the XII
  • pyramidal decussation occurs here
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

pyramidal decussation

A

crossing of the nerve fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

crossed representation

A

left cerebral cortex recieves sensory information from, and controls motor function to, the right side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

spinothalamic tract

A

transmits sensations of pain, temperature, touch (not precisely localized)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

posterior (dorsal) columns

A

conduct sensations of position (proprioception), vibration, and finely localized touch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

finely localizzed touch is known as

A

stereognosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the homunculus

A

latin for little man
- illistration representing the proportion of the brain that is responsible for sensations in particular body parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Diencephalon consists of

A
  • thalamus
  • hypothalmus
  • epithalmus
  • subthalmus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

epithalamus

A

contains pineal gland, which causes sleepiness and helps regulate some endocrine functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

subthalamus

A

part of the extrapyramidal system of autonomic nervous system and basal ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

the brainstem consists of

A
  • midbrain
  • pons
  • medulla
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

spinal cord

A

the continuation of medulla oblongata that begins at foramen magnum and ends at first and second lumbar vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

12 pairs of cranial nerves, and 31 pairs of spinal nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

cranial nerves

A

5 pairs have only motor fibers, 3 pairs have only sensory fibres, 4 pairs have both motor and sensory fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

spinal nerves

A

emerge from the spinal cord
- cervical 8
- thoracic 12
- lumbar 5
- sacral 5
- coccygeal 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

arises from thoracolumbar segements of spinal cord and is activated during stress (fight or flight response)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A
  • arises from craniosacral segments of spinal cord and controls vegetative functions (breed and feed)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

dizziness

A

decreased cerebral blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

vertigo

A

vestibular disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

tremors

A

involunaty shoking, trembeling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

paresis

A
  • weakness of voluntary movements
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

paralysis

A
  • loss of motor function due to lesions in neurological or muscular system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

dysmetria

A
  • inability to control ROM
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

paresthesia

A

numbness or tingeling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

dysarthria

A

difficultly speaking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

dysphagia

A
  • difficultly swallowing
42
Q

hypoaesthesia

A

decreased touch sensation

43
Q

anaesthesia

A

absent touch sensation

44
Q

hyperaesthesia

A

increased touch sensation

45
Q

hypoalgesia

A

decreased pain sensation

46
Q

analgesia

A

absence of pain sensation

47
Q

hyperalgesia

A

increased pain sensation

48
Q

peripheral vibration test

A
  • tuning fork
  • start distal interphalangeal joints and move proximally; comapare sides
49
Q

grade 0

A
  • no contraction
  • 0
  • zero
50
Q

grade 1

A
  • slight contraction
  • 10
  • trace
51
Q

grade 2

A
  • full ROM with gravity eliminated (passive motion)
  • 25
  • poor
52
Q

grade 3

A
  • full ROM with gravity
  • 50
  • fair
53
Q

grade 4

A
  • full ROM against gravity, some resistance
  • 75
  • good
54
Q

grade 5

A
  • full ROM against gravity, full resistance
  • 100
  • normal
55
Q

shoulder

A

c3

56
Q

deltoid

A

c4

57
Q

biceps

A

c5

58
Q

triceps

A

C7

59
Q

wrist

A

c8

60
Q

hand

A

c6/8

61
Q

ankle dorsiflexion

A

L4/5

62
Q

ankle plantarflexion

A

S1

63
Q

ataxia

A

uncoordinated gait

64
Q

romberg test

A

patient stands with feet together and arms at sides and closes eyes for 20 seconds

65
Q

unexpected findings in the romberg test

A
  • loss of balance with eyes closed, swaying, widening base of feet to avoid falling, falling
  • possible cuases: cerebellar ataxia, vestibular function loss, proproception loss
66
Q

biceps

A

c5,c6

67
Q

brachioradialis

A

c5,c6

68
Q

patellar

A

L2-4

69
Q

achilles

A

S1, S2

70
Q

grade 0 reflexes

A

no response

71
Q

grade 1 reflexes

A

diminished, low normal

72
Q

grade 2 reflexes

A

average, normal

73
Q

grade 3 reflexes

A

brisker than average, may indicate disease

74
Q

grade 4 reflexes

A

very brisk, hyperactive with clonus, indicative of disease

75
Q

clonus

A
  • rapid, rhythmic contractions of the same muscle
  • upper motor neuron disease (MS)
76
Q

hyperreflexia

A
  • exaggerated reflex; loss of inhibiting influence of higher cortical levels
  • upper motor lesions (CVA)
77
Q

hyporeflexia

A
  • interruption of sensory afferent pathways or destruction of motor efferent fibres
  • lower motor problem (SPinal cord injury)
78
Q

dysmetria

A

inability to control ROM

79
Q

anosmia

A

decrease or loss of smell

80
Q

CN I

A

olfactory
- sensory

81
Q

CN II

A

Optic
- sensory

82
Q

how to test CNI

A

familar scents

83
Q

how to test CNII

A
  • visual foods - confrontation
  • visual acuity - snellen, jaegar
  • ophthalmoscope
84
Q

CNIII

A

oculomotor
- sensory and motor
- vision and extraocular movements

85
Q

how to test CNIII

A
  • eyelids and palpebral fissures
  • PERLLA
  • cardinal directions
  • convergence
86
Q

ptosis

A

dropping of the eye

87
Q

strabismus

A

lazy eye

88
Q

CNV

A

trigeminal
- sensory and motor

89
Q

how to test CNV

A
  • light touch: opthalmic, maxillary, mandibular zones
  • palapate temporal and massester muscles as patient clenches teeth
  • corneal reflex
90
Q

CNVII

A

facial nerve
- sensory and motor

91
Q

how to test CNVII

A

taste
mobility and symmetry with facial expressions

92
Q

CNVIII

A

vestibulocochlear
- sensory

93
Q

how to test CNVIII

A

whispred voice test

94
Q

CNIX

A

Glossopharyngeal
- sensory and motor

95
Q

how to test CNIX

A

patient says ahhh
- tastes

96
Q

CNX

A

vagus
- sensory and motor

97
Q

how to test CNX

A

gag reflex

98
Q

CNXI

A

spinal accessory
- motor

99
Q

how to test CNXI

A
  • sternomastoid and trapezius muscles agaisnt examiners resistance
100
Q

CNXII

A

hypoglossal
- motor

101
Q

how to test CNXII

A
  • stick out tongue moce side to side

NURS252 (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions