Assessment of the Lungs and Thorax Flashcards
the thoracic cage consists of
- 12 thoracic vertebrae
- 12 pairs of ribs
- sternum
how to the ribs connect to the thoracic cage
posteriorly
what are the floating ribs
11th and 12th rib
the ribs are connected to the sternum by
costal cartilage
what are the 3 components of the sternum
- manubrium
- body
- xiphoid process
intercostal space
the space between the ribs
suprasternal notch
- u-shaped depression at the ventral aspect of the neck, just above the manubrium
manubriosternal junction (angle of louis
- junction between manubrium and sternum; useful for rib identification
anterior chest wall topographic markers
- nipples
- suprasternal notch
- manubriosternal junction (angle of louis)
- midsternal line
- costal angle
- clavicals
- midclavicular lines
midsternal line
- imaginary vertical line through the middle of the sternum
costal angle
- intersection of the costal margins
- usually no more than 90 degrees
midclavicular lines
- imaginary vertical lines on right and left sides of chest that are “drawn” through the clavicle midpoints, parallel to the mensternal line
a costal angle of more than 90 degrees is indicative of
emphysema
lateral chest wall topographic markers
- anterior axillary lines
- posterior axillary lines
- midaxillary lines
anterior axillary lines
- imaginary lines on the right and left sides of the chest “drawn” from the anterior axiallry fold through the anterolateral chest, parallel to the midsternal line
posterior axillary lines
- imaginary vertical lines of the right and left side of the chest “drawn” from the posterior axillary folds along posterolateral thoracic wall and abducted lateral arm
midaxillary lines
- imaginary vertical lines on the right and left sides of the chest “drawn” from axillary apices ; midway between and parallel to anterior and posterior axillary lines
posterior chest wall topographic markers
- vertebra prominence
- ventebral line
- scapular lines
vertebra prominence
- spinous process of C7; visable and palpable with head bent forward
vertebral line
- imaginary vertical line “drawn” along posterior vertebral spinous processes
scapular lines
- imaginary verticle lines on the right and left sides of the chest “drawn” parallel to the mid-spinal line; pass through inferior angles of scapulae in upright patient with arms at the side
what are the 3 main structures within the thorax or chest
- medistinum and right and left pleural cavities
what structures are in the medistinum
- heart
- aortic arch
- superior vena cava
- lower esophagus
- lower part of the trachea
parietal pleura lines
chest wall and diaphragm
the viseral pleura lines
outside of the lungs
how many lobes does the right lung have
3
Mechanism of breathing during inspiration
- diaphragm contracts
- intercostal muscle pushes chest outward
how many lobes does the left lung have
2
what are the primary muscles of inspiration
- intercostal muscles
- diaphragm
mechanism of breathing during expiration
muscles relax
control of respiration in intiated in the
brain stem
- medulla
- pons
