Chapter 23: Anus, Rectum, and Prostate

Question 1

anal canal

Answer 1

• outlet of the GI tract

Question 2

internal sphincter

Answer 2

under invlountary control - autonomic nervous system

Question 3

external sphincter

Answer 3

voluntary control

Question 4

intersphincteric groove

Answer 4

separates the internal and external sphincter
- is palpable

Question 5

anal columns

Answer 5

Columns of Morgagni
- folds of mucosa
- extend vertically down from the rectum and end in the anorectal junction

Question 6

anorectal junction

Answer 6

also called mucocutaneous junction, pectinate line, or dentat line_
- junction is not palpable but visable on protoscopy

Question 7

how long is the rectum

Answer 7

12cm

Question 8

prostate gland location

Answer 8

in front of the anterior wall of the rectum, 2cm behind the symphysis pubis

Question 9

prostate gland function

Answer 9

thin, milky alkaline fluid that helps sperms viability

Question 10

seminal vesicles function

Answer 10

secrete a fluid that is rich in fructose which nourishes spern, contain prostaglandins

Question 11

bulbourethral glands function

Answer 11

also called copers gland
- secrete clear, viscid mucus

Question 12

what color is the first stool a newborn passes

Answer 12

dark geen meconium
- occurs within first 24-48 hours; indicates patency

Question 13

dyschezia

Answer 13

pain with defication

Question 14

bristol stool chart type 1

Answer 14

seperate hard lumps like nuts (hard to pass)
- severe constipation

Question 15

bristol stool chart type 2

Answer 15

sausage shaped but lumpy
- mild constipation

Question 16

bristol stool scale type 3

Answer 16

• like a sausage but with cracks on the surface
• normal

Question 17

bristol stool scale type 4

Answer 17

like a sausage or snake smooth and soft
- normal

Question 18

bristol stool scale type 5

Answer 18

soft blobs with clear cut edges
- lacking fibre

Question 19

bristol stool scale type 6

Answer 19

fluffy peices with ragged edges, a mushy stool
- mild diarrhea

Question 20

bristol stool scale type 7

Answer 20

entirely liquid
- severe diarrhea

Question 21

melena

Answer 21

black or bloody stool

Question 22

steatorrhea

Answer 22

excessive fat in the stool
- occurs as malabsorption of fat

Question 23

pruritus

Answer 23

itching
- can be caused by hemmorids

Question 24

examples of high fibre foods

Answer 24

beans, prunes, barley, carrots, broccoli, cabbage

Question 25

encopresis

Answer 25

persistant passing of stools into clothing by a child over 4 years of age