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NURS252 > Assessment of the eyes > Flashcards

Assessment of the eyes Flashcards

1
Q

palpebral fissure

A

the opening between the eyelids

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2
Q

conjunctivae

A

two thin, transparent mucous membranes, between eyelids and eyeball

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3
Q

bulbar conjunctiva

A

covers sclera surface of the eyeball

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4
Q

palpebral conjunctiva

A

lines eyelids and contains blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands

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5
Q

scotoma

A

blind spot in visual feild surrounded by an area of normal vision.
- occurs with disorders of the optic nerve and glaucoma

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6
Q

diplopia

A

double vision

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7
Q

strabismus

A

deviation in the anterior-posterior axis of the eye

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8
Q

glaucoma

A
  • increased interocular pressure
  • second most common cause of vision loss in older adults
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9
Q

eyelids expected findings

A
  • upper eyelids overlap superior iris and meet lower eyelids when closed
  • skin intact, no redness, swelling, discharge, lesions
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10
Q

eyelids unexpected

A
  • ptosis, edema, unable to completely close
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11
Q

ptosis

A

dropping of the upper eyelid

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12
Q

what is the leading cause of blindness

A

age related macular degeneration (AMD)

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13
Q

what is the leading cause of visual impairment in people younger than 65

A

diabetic retinopathy

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14
Q

scelera expected

A

white; grey blue (darker skin individuals)

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15
Q

scleral icterus

A
  • yellowing of the sclera
  • indicative of jaundice
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16
Q

epiphora

A

excessive tearing

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17
Q

macular degeneration causes

A

a loss in central vision acuity

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18
Q

what is used to measure visual acuity

A

snellen eye chart

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19
Q

what is normal visual acuity

A

20/20

20
Q

the numerator of the swellen chart indicates

A

how far the patient was standing from the chart

21
Q

what is the demominator of the swellen chart indicate

A

distance at which the normal coudl have read

22
Q

hirschberg’s test asseses

A

corneal light reflex
- symmetrical

23
Q

what does the cover-uncover test find

A

small degress of deviated alignment

24
Q

what is nystagmus

A

fine oscillating movement best seen around the iris

25
Q

nystagmus occurs with

A

disease of the semi-circular canals in the ears, a paretic eye muscle, MS, or brain leasions

26
Q

lid lag occurs with

A

hyperthyroidism

27
Q

exophthalmos

A

protruding eyes

28
Q

enophthalmos

A

sunken eyeballs

29
Q

pallor near the outer canthus of the lower eyelid may occur with

A

anemia

30
Q

anisocoria

A

small number of people (5%) who normally have pupils of two diffrent sizes

31
Q

pupil expected findings

A

3-5mm, equal bilaterally
- anisocoria

32
Q

what does PERRLA stand for

A

Pupils
Equal
Round
Reactive to
Light
Accommodation

33
Q

Pupillary Light Reflex direct reaction

A

constriction of the same size pupil with light

34
Q

Pupillary Light Reflex consensual reaction

A

simultaneous constriction of the other pupil

35
Q

how to asses peripheral vision

A

confrontation

36
Q

hwo to asses alignment

A

cover/uncover test

37
Q

how to asses extra-ocular movement

A

cardinal directions

38
Q

fundus expected findings

A

light red to dark brown

39
Q

optic disk expected findings

A
  • round oval defined margins, physiologic cup bright yellow-white and less then 1/2 disc diameter
40
Q

retinal vessels

A
  • paired artery and vein in each quadrant; artery lighter and narrower than veins
41
Q

macula expected findings

A
  • darker compaired to fundus
  • fovea light reflex (ophthalmoscope)
42
Q

develomental considerations at birth

A
  • macula is not fully developed
43
Q

developmental considerations at 3-4 months

A

infants can fixate on a single image with both eyes simultaneously

44
Q

most neonates are

A

farsighted (changes over time)

45
Q

the eyeball reaches full size at what age

A

8

46
Q

drusen

A
  • normal development on the retinal surface
  • small, yellow dots that are scattered haphazardly on the retina
47
Q

fundi

A

red reflex has central dark spot, both eyes. Disc flat with sharp margins

NURS252 (21 decks)

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