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NURS252 > Chapter 22/12: The Abdomen and Nutrition > Flashcards

Chapter 22/12: The Abdomen and Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

lina alba

A
  • tendinous seam that joins the abdominal muscles
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2
Q

rectus abdominis

A

forms a strip extending the length of the midline, its edge is more palpable

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3
Q

viscera

A

all the internal organs

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4
Q

solid viscera

A

those that maintain a characteristic shape
Examples: liver, pancreas, spleen, adrenal glands, kidneys, overies, and uterus

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5
Q

hollow visera examples

A

stomach, gallbladder, small intestine, colon, bladder

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6
Q

what forms the costovertebral angle

A

12th rib and the vertebral column

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7
Q

lactose intolerance

A

inidividual have a lower level of lactase

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8
Q

gastrointestinal ulcers are cuased by

A
  • H. pylori
  • NSIADS
  • alcohol
  • smoking
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9
Q

anorexia

A

loss of appetite that occurs with GI disease, is an adverse effect of some medications, occurs with pregnancy, or psychological disorders, cancer

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10
Q

dysphagia occurs with

A

disorders of the throat or esophagus (cancer)

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11
Q

pyrosis

A

heartburn

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12
Q

viseral pain is described as

A

dull, general, poorly localized

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13
Q

parietal pain is described as

A

sharp, precisely localized, aggravated by movement

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14
Q

hematemesis

A

blood in vomit

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15
Q

hematemesis occurs with

A

stomach or douodenal ulcers

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16
Q

abdoninal adheasions

A

scar tissue in abdomen
- from previous abdominal infection or surgery
- can cause: pain, nausea, vomiting, cramping, constipation, bloating, or complete bowel obstruction

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17
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

serious phychosocial disorder that include loss of appitite, voluntary starvation, and grave weight loss

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18
Q

hernia

A

protrusion of the abdominal visera through abnormal opening in the muscle wall

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19
Q

glistering and tautness of the skin

A

with ascites

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20
Q

ecchymoses

A

brusising

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21
Q

red bruise

A

new bruise

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22
Q

blue black or purple bruise

A

1-4 days old

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23
Q

yellow green or brown bruise

A

5 or more days

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24
Q

striae

A

silvery, white linear, jagged marks approximently 1-6 cm long
- “stretch marks”

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25
Q

striae loom purple blud in patients with

A

crushing syndrome

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26
Q

cutaneous angiomas occur with

A

portal hypertension or liver disease

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27
Q

hyperactive sounds

A
  • lous high pitched, rushing, tinking sound signaling increased motility
  • may indicate bowel obstruction
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28
Q

hypoactive / absent sounds

A
  • after abdominal surgery or with inflammation of the peritoneum
29
Q

voluntary gaurding

A

when the patient is, cold, tense or tickelish

30
Q

the scratch test is used to

A

define the liver border when the abdomen is distended or the abdominal muscles are tense

31
Q

what should be the order of objective assesment of the abdomen

A
  • inspection
  • ausclation
  • percussion
  • palpation
32
Q

solid viscera examples

A
  • liver
  • spleen
  • kidneys
  • pancreas
  • adrenal glands
  • ovaries
33
Q

hallow visera examples

A
  • stomach
  • gullbladder
  • small intestine
  • colon
  • bladder
34
Q

urgent pain examples

A
  • appendicitis, cholecystitis, bowel obstruction, perforation
35
Q

chronic pain examples

A

gastric ulcers (empty stomach); doudenal ulcers (2 to 3 hours post prandial, relieved with food intake )

36
Q

black tarry stool is indicative of

A

occult blood (melena) from goastrointerstiial bleeding

37
Q

black non tarry stool is indicative of

A

iron supplements

38
Q

grey stool is indicative of

A

hepatitis

39
Q

what are the possible systems of colorectal cancer

A
  • narrower than usual, blood, diarrhea, constipation
40
Q

what is the sequence in which the abdomen should be assessed

A
  • inspection
  • auscltation
  • percussion
  • palpation
41
Q

absolute stiffness during abdominal inspection is indicative of

A

peritonitis

42
Q

what is the normal amount of bowel sounds

A

5-30 per minute

43
Q

hypoactive bowel sounds

A
  • diminished, absent
  • decreased motility
  • inflammation (peritonitis)
  • paralytic ileus (post operative bowel surgery)
44
Q

hyperactive bowel sounds

A
  • loud, gurgling (borborygami)
  • increased motility
  • early mechanical bowel obstruction (high pitched)
  • gastroenterititis
  • diarrhea
  • laxatives
45
Q

friction rub

A
  • rough grating sound (leather rubbing)
  • peritoneal (inflammation): liver and spleen (infection, tumors)
46
Q

venous hum

A
  • periumbilical (portal hypertension, liver cirrhosis)
47
Q

vascular sounds should be listen to with what part of the stethoscope

A

bell

48
Q

what quadrant should you start listening to during abdominal ausculations

A

RLQ

49
Q

tympany percussion sounds

A
  • air in alimentary canal
50
Q

dull percussion sounds

A
  • solid organs (liver, spleen)
  • fluid
  • full bladder
51
Q

flat percussion sounds

A
  • bones
52
Q

how big is the liver in men

A

10.5

53
Q

how big is the liver in women

A
  • 7cm
54
Q

Costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness unexpected finding

A

sharp pain (kidney inflammation)

55
Q

developmental considerations for older adults

A
  • redistribution of adipose tissue
  • decreased salvations (oral dryness, decreased taste sensation)
  • delayed esophageal emptying (aspiration risk)
  • decreased gastric acid secretions
  • dehydration
  • liver size decreases with age (medications)
  • renal function decreases (medication)
  • delayed esophageal emptying (aspiration risk)
  • constipation (decreased motility, dietary habits, medications)
  • colorectal cancer increases
56
Q

what is included in the nutritional assessment

A
  • eating pattern
  • usual weight, recent weight changes
  • changes in appetite, taste, smell, chewing, swallowing
  • recent surgery, trauma, burns, infection
  • chronic conditions
  • nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation
  • food allergies or intolerances
  • medications, nutritional supplements, herbal supplements
  • self management behaviours; acess to healthy foods
57
Q

formula for percent usual body weight

A

current weight/ usual weight X 100

58
Q

hemoglobin high

A

dehydration

59
Q

hemoglobin low

A

anemia

60
Q

serum albumin

A
  • decreased with protein deficiency
61
Q

serum tranferrin

A
  • decreased with protein deficency
62
Q

prealbumin elevated

A

renal disease

63
Q

prealbumin decreased

A

protein depletion (burns, trauma, surgery)

64
Q

nitrogen balance

A

protien status

65
Q

children should eat ful fat milk up to what age

A

2 years old

66
Q

developmetal considerations for adolescents

A
  • increased energy and proetin requirements
  • oncreased calcium and iron requirements (in females)
67
Q

risks for undernutrition

A
  • poor physical or mental health, social isolation, limited functional ability, poverty, polypharmacy
68
Q

normal physiological changes of aging

A
  • poor dentition, decreased visual acuity, decreased saliva production, slowed GI motility, decreased absorption, and diminished olfactory and taste sensitivity

NURS252 (21 decks)

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