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NURS252 > Chapter 22/12: The Abdomen and Nutrition > Flashcards

Chapter 22/12: The Abdomen and Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

lina alba

A
  • tendinous seam that joins the abdominal muscles
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2
Q

rectus abdominis

A

forms a strip extending the length of the midline, its edge is more palpable

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3
Q

viscera

A

all the internal organs

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4
Q

solid viscera

A

those that maintain a characteristic shape
Examples: liver, pancreas, spleen, adrenal glands, kidneys, overies, and uterus

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5
Q

hollow visera examples

A

stomach, gallbladder, small intestine, colon, bladder

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6
Q

what forms the costovertebral angle

A

12th rib and the vertebral column

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7
Q

lactose intolerance

A

inidividual have a lower level of lactase

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8
Q

gastrointestinal ulcers are cuased by

A
  • H. pylori
  • NSIADS
  • alcohol
  • smoking
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9
Q

anorexia

A

loss of appetite that occurs with GI disease, is an adverse effect of some medications, occurs with pregnancy, or psychological disorders, cancer

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10
Q

dysphagia occurs with

A

disorders of the throat or esophagus (cancer)

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11
Q

pyrosis

A

heartburn

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12
Q

viseral pain is described as

A

dull, general, poorly localized

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13
Q

parietal pain is described as

A

sharp, precisely localized, aggravated by movement

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14
Q

hematemesis

A

blood in vomit

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15
Q

hematemesis occurs with

A

stomach or douodenal ulcers

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16
Q

abdoninal adheasions

A

scar tissue in abdomen
- from previous abdominal infection or surgery
- can cause: pain, nausea, vomiting, cramping, constipation, bloating, or complete bowel obstruction

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17
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

serious phychosocial disorder that include loss of appitite, voluntary starvation, and grave weight loss

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18
Q

hernia

A

protrusion of the abdominal visera through abnormal opening in the muscle wall

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19
Q

glistering and tautness of the skin

A

with ascites

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20
Q

ecchymoses

A

brusising

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21
Q

red bruise

A

new bruise

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22
Q

blue black or purple bruise

A

1-4 days old

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23
Q

yellow green or brown bruise

A

5 or more days

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24
Q

striae

A

silvery, white linear, jagged marks approximently 1-6 cm long
- “stretch marks”

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25
striae loom purple blud in patients with
crushing syndrome
26
cutaneous angiomas occur with
portal hypertension or liver disease
27
hyperactive sounds
- lous high pitched, rushing, tinking sound signaling increased motility - may indicate bowel obstruction
28
hypoactive / absent sounds
- after abdominal surgery or with inflammation of the peritoneum
29
voluntary gaurding
when the patient is, cold, tense or tickelish
30
the scratch test is used to
define the liver border when the abdomen is distended or the abdominal muscles are tense
31
what should be the order of objective assesment of the abdomen
- inspection - ausclation - percussion - palpation
32
solid viscera examples
- liver - spleen - kidneys - pancreas - adrenal glands - ovaries
33
hallow visera examples
- stomach - gullbladder - small intestine - colon - bladder
34
urgent pain examples
- appendicitis, cholecystitis, bowel obstruction, perforation
35
chronic pain examples
gastric ulcers (empty stomach); doudenal ulcers (2 to 3 hours post prandial, relieved with food intake )
36
black tarry stool is indicative of
occult blood (melena) from goastrointerstiial bleeding
37
black non tarry stool is indicative of
iron supplements
38
grey stool is indicative of
hepatitis
39
what are the possible systems of colorectal cancer
- narrower than usual, blood, diarrhea, constipation
40
what is the sequence in which the abdomen should be assessed
- inspection - auscltation - percussion - palpation
41
absolute stiffness during abdominal inspection is indicative of
peritonitis
42
what is the normal amount of bowel sounds
5-30 per minute
43
hypoactive bowel sounds
- diminished, absent - decreased motility - inflammation (peritonitis) - paralytic ileus (post operative bowel surgery)
44
hyperactive bowel sounds
- loud, gurgling (borborygami) - increased motility - early mechanical bowel obstruction (high pitched) - gastroenterititis - diarrhea - laxatives
45
friction rub
- rough grating sound (leather rubbing) - peritoneal (inflammation): liver and spleen (infection, tumors)
46
venous hum
- periumbilical (portal hypertension, liver cirrhosis)
47
vascular sounds should be listen to with what part of the stethoscope
bell
48
what quadrant should you start listening to during abdominal ausculations
RLQ
49
tympany percussion sounds
- air in alimentary canal
50
dull percussion sounds
- solid organs (liver, spleen) - fluid - full bladder
51
flat percussion sounds
- bones
52
how big is the liver in men
10.5
53
how big is the liver in women
- 7cm
54
Costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness unexpected finding
sharp pain (kidney inflammation)
55
developmental considerations for older adults
- redistribution of adipose tissue - decreased salvations (oral dryness, decreased taste sensation) - delayed esophageal emptying (aspiration risk) - decreased gastric acid secretions - dehydration - liver size decreases with age (medications) - renal function decreases (medication) - delayed esophageal emptying (aspiration risk) - constipation (decreased motility, dietary habits, medications) - colorectal cancer increases
56
what is included in the nutritional assessment
- eating pattern - usual weight, recent weight changes - changes in appetite, taste, smell, chewing, swallowing - recent surgery, trauma, burns, infection - chronic conditions - nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation - food allergies or intolerances - medications, nutritional supplements, herbal supplements - self management behaviours; acess to healthy foods
57
formula for percent usual body weight
current weight/ usual weight X 100
58
hemoglobin high
dehydration
59
hemoglobin low
anemia
60
serum albumin
- decreased with protein deficiency
61
serum tranferrin
- decreased with protein deficency
62
prealbumin elevated
renal disease
63
prealbumin decreased
protein depletion (burns, trauma, surgery)
64
nitrogen balance
protien status
65
children should eat ful fat milk up to what age
2 years old
66
developmetal considerations for adolescents
- increased energy and proetin requirements - oncreased calcium and iron requirements (in females)
67
risks for undernutrition
- poor physical or mental health, social isolation, limited functional ability, poverty, polypharmacy
68
normal physiological changes of aging
- poor dentition, decreased visual acuity, decreased saliva production, slowed GI motility, decreased absorption, and diminished olfactory and taste sensitivity

NURS252 (21 decks)

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