Skin and muscles of the face (dave's notes)

Question 1

Describe the tension lines and wrinkling of the face

Answer 1

Tension lines run in an onion skin like pattern from mouth to ear. Wrinkles run at right angles to muscle pull

Question 2

What is the embryological origin of the muscles of the face?

Answer 2

They develop from the mesoderm of the second pharyngeal pouch, supplied by its nerve (VII).

Question 3

What is the nerve of the second pharyngeal pouch?

Answer 3

VII facial

Question 4

Why do the facial muscles have no deep fascia?

Answer 4

They are morphologically specialised members of the panniculus carnosus

Question 5

How are the muscles of the face grouped functionally?

Answer 5

They are functionally differentiated to form groups around the orifices as sphincters and dilators

Question 6

List the muscles of the eyelids - palpebral fissure

Answer 6

Orbicularis oculi
Levator palpebrae superioris
Occipitofrontalis

Question 7

What are the dilators of the eye?

Answer 7

Levator palpebrae superioris

Occipitofrontalis

Question 8

What is the sphincter of the eye?

Answer 8

Orbicularis oculi

Question 9

Which part of the eye closes first? What is the significance of this?

Answer 9

The lateral part. Moves tears towards the nose.

Question 10

What is the nerve supply of orbicularis oculi?

Answer 10

The temporal and zygomatic branches of the facial nerve

Question 11

What is the palpebral part of orbicularis oculi? What is the other part of orbicularis oculi? What function does it serve?

Answer 11

The lids.

The orbital part on the face allowing strong closure

Question 12

List the muscles of the nostrils

Answer 12

Nasalis

• The sphincter is the transverse part of nasals (compressor naris) which embraces the alar cartilages
• The dilator is the alar part of nasals (dilator naris)

The nose can also be moved by other muscles, all supplied by Zygomatic and Buccal branches of the facial nerve

Question 13

From where does nasalis arise?

Answer 13

The maxilla.

Question 14

Give two mnemonics for the branches of the facial nerve

Answer 14

To Zanzibar By Motor Car

Two Zombies Buggered My Cat

Question 15

List the branches of the facial nerve

Answer 15

Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Mandibular
Cervical

Question 16

What is the sphincter of the mouth?

Answer 16

Orbicularis oris

Question 17

Describe the fibres of orbicularis oris

Answer 17

Orbicularis oris consists of fibres to it self proper and fibres added from the sphincter muscles

Question 18

What contributes most of the bulk of orbicularis oris?

Answer 18

The bulk of the fibres come from buccinator converging at the modiolus. Upper and lower fibres pass straight through while middle fibres decussate

Question 19

What muscles contribute to orbicularis oris?

Answer 19

Buccinator, incisive and mental slips curve around the angle of the mouth in a loop on either side (deepest members)

Question 20

What is the nerve supply to orbicularis oris?

Answer 20

Buccal and marginal mandibular branches of the facial nerve

Question 21

Describe the origin of buccinator

Answer 21

buccinator has a boney origin from both jaws opposite the molar teeth and PTG raphe (pterego-mandibular?)

Question 22

What are the dilators of the mouth? List them.

Answer 22

The remainder of the muscles radiating outwards from the lips and modiolus
Levator labii superioores alaeque nasi
Levator labii superiores
Levator anguli oris
Zygomaticus minor
Zygomaticus major
Depressor anguli oris
Depressor labii inferioris
Mentalis

Question 23

What is the modiolus?

Answer 23

The corner of the mouth where a chiasma between ?8 perioral muscles converge

Question 24

What nerve supplies the muscles of the face?

Answer 24

The facial nerve MOTOR ONLY