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PAS 563 Med Phys > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

1
Q

Skin functions

A

Sensation protection, thermoreguksgion, metabolic

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2
Q

What protects against UV light injury

A

Melanin

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3
Q

What part of the skin keeps water in and pathogens out

A

Epidermis

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4
Q

What is the dermis made of

A

CT

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5
Q

What type of cells is the epidermis made of

A

Stratified squamous

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6
Q

What are most of the cells in the epidermis?

A

Keratinocytes

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7
Q

Role of keratinocytes?

A

Form protective barrier

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8
Q

Where are basal keratinocytes found? What do they do?

A

In basal layer, give rise to new keratinocytes

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9
Q

Where are suprabasal keratinocytes found?

A

Anywhere above the basal layer, flattened, different differentiation markers

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10
Q

What are corneocytes?

A

Fully differentiated keratinocytes in cornified layer

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11
Q

As keratinocytes move up the skin, what do they accumulate?

A

Keratin

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12
Q

What are the key fibrous structural proteins in the epidermis

A

Keratin filaments

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13
Q

What part of the skin mitotically divides

A

Basil keratinocytes

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14
Q

What part of the skin moves up the strata

A

Suprabasal keratinocytes

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15
Q

Super Basil keratinocytes become highly organized and form what between each other

A

Desmosomes which are cellular junctions

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16
Q

What do desmosomal junctions appear as? What layer are the most easily seen in

A

Appear at spines and are seen in spinous layer

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17
Q

Corneocytes?

A

Fully differentiated keratinocytes that eventually shed from the surface

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18
Q

What is shedding from the surface of the skin called

A

Desquamation

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19
Q

Where are melanocytes found? What do the do

A

In the basal layer. Synthesize melanin granules

20
Q

What do you Melanin granules do?

A

Provide pigment and photo protection (absorbs UV radiation)

21
Q

What do dendritic projections do

A

Dispense melanin to keratinocytes

22
Q

What are langerhans cells

A

A type of dendritic cell that is disbursed throughout the spinous layer

23
Q

Where are Langerhans cells derived from? What do they do

A

Derived from bone marrow and they are antigen presenting cells. Because they are antigen presenting cells, they activate naïve T cells in the immune system

24
Q

What does the basement membrane do?

A

Controls the traffic of cells and molecules between layers and structurally tethers the dermis and epidermis together

25
Q

What is the dermis composed of and what does it support

A

Composed of matrix proteins and mucopolysaccharides. Supports the glands and follicles

26
Q

What type of tissue is the dermis made of

A

Connective

27
Q

What layer of the skin provide structural integrity and elasticity?

A

The dermis

28
Q

How does the dermis provide structural integrity and elasticity?

A

Collagen, microfibrils, elastic fibrils

29
Q

What are the five dermal appendages

A

Nails, hair, sebaceous glands, eccrine sweat glands,apocrine sweat glands

30
Q

What are the two major categories of skin diseases

A

Growths and rashes

31
Q

Name the four types of growths

A

Cyst, malformation, neoplasm, bumpy skin

32
Q

What are the two types of rashes

A

Danielle plastic, inflammatory skin conditions

33
Q

What is a patch or macule

A

Areas of discoloration without noticeable change in texture. Patches are over 1 cm and macules are less than 1 cm

34
Q

What are plaques in papules

A

Elevated palpable skin lesions where the width exceeds the thickness. Plaques are over 1 cm and papules are less than 1 cm

35
Q

What are bullae and vesicles

A

Fluid filled spaces in the skin. Bullae are over 1 cm and vesicles are less than 1 cm

36
Q

What is perivascular dermatitis without epidermal change

A

Perivascular inflammation infiltrate without significant involvement of the epidermis

37
Q

What is spongiotic dermatitis

A

Inflammatory infiltrate associated with intercellular epidermal Edema

38
Q

what is psoriasiform dermatitis

A

Inflammatory infiltrate associated with epidermal thickening as a result of elongation of rete ridges

39
Q

What is interface dermatitis

A

Set a toxic inflammatory reaction with prominent changes in lower epidermis, characterized by vacuolization of keratinocytes

40
Q

What is vesiculobullous dermatitis

A

Inflammatory reaction associated with intra-epidural or sub epidural cleavage

41
Q

What is small vessel vasculitis

A

Inflammatory reaction focused on the walls of cutaneous vessels

42
Q

Folliculitis

A

Inflammatory reaction directed against folliculosebaceous units

43
Q

What is nodular dermatitis

A

Inflammatory reaction with a nodular or diffuse dermal infiltrate in the absence of significant epidermal changes

44
Q

What is panniculitis

A

Inflammatory reaction involving the subcutaneous fat

45
Q

What happens to skin as it ages

A

Becomes thinner, dryer, wrinkled, changes in pigmentation, capillary loops shorten and decrease, fewer melanocytes and Langerhans cells, gland atrophy

PAS 563 Med Phys (13 decks)

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