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PAS 563 Med Phys > Immune System > Flashcards

Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the complement system made of? What do they do?

A

Plasma proteins that lyse foreign cells

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2
Q

Where is MAC important in? What system?

A

Complement

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3
Q

What does MAC do?

A

Ruptures the bacterial membrane causing lysis of the bacteria and death

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4
Q

Functions of the complement system?

A

Destroy invading microbes by MAC, vasodilation and increased permeability, chemo taxis, opsonizarion

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5
Q

What is chemo taxis?

A

White blood cells go to an area of an infection

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6
Q

What does opsonization enhance?

A

Makes phagocytosis easier

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7
Q

What are the two primary lymphoid organs

A

Thymus and bone marrow

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8
Q

Where do T lymphocyte cells mature

A

Thymus

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9
Q

Where do you B lymphocyte cells mature

A

Bone marrow

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10
Q

How does the body know that it is infected?

A

Receptor binds to a ligand

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11
Q

What are the four receptors of inmate immunity

A

Toll like receptors, N formyl methionyl receptor, mannose receptor, scavenger receptor

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12
Q

What do toll like receptors do

A

They are PRR- pattern recognition receptors

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13
Q

What do N formyl methionyl receptors do

A

Mediate antimicrobial responses

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14
Q

What do you mannose receptors do

A

Initiate Phagocytosis of microbes

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15
Q

What do scavenger receptors do

A

Initiate phagocytosis is cellular debris

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16
Q

Sequence of events in a localized innate inflammatory response of bacteria

A
  1. Bacteria introduced so chemicals are released
  2. Vasodilation and increased capillary permeability
  3. Chemotaxis
  4. Distraction of bacteria
  5. Tissue repair
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17
Q

2 main functions of monocytes and macrophages

A

Phagocytosize & APC

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18
Q

When do T cells recognize antigens?

A

When they are associated with MHC molecules

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19
Q

Where class 1MHC molecules expressed

A

Surface of all nucleated cells

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20
Q

Where are class 2 MHC molecules expressed

A

Surface of macrophages, activated B cells, activated T cells and thymus cells

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21
Q

Who do NK cells target

A

Virus infected cells and cancer cells

22
Q

Are NK cells antigen specific

A

No

23
Q

How long does the primary immune response take

A

10 to 17 days after exposure

24
Q

What happens in the primary immune response

A

Antigen selected B and T cells proliferate and differentiate into effector cells

25
Q

What stage of the immune response do symptoms of the illness occur

A

Primary immune response

26
Q

How long does secondary immune response take

A

2 to 7 days

27
Q

Are memory cells in the primary or secondary immune response

A

Secondary

28
Q

What is delayed hypersensitivity mediated by

A

Helper T cells and macrophages

29
Q

What is the immune complex Hypersensitivity mediated by

A

Antigen antibody complexes deposited in tissue

30
Q

What is cytotoxic hypersensitivity mediated by

A

Antibodies that lead to damage or destruction of cells

31
Q

What is immediate hypersensitivity mediated by

A

IgE antibodies, mast cells,eosinophils

32
Q

What type of hypersensitivity is independent of antibodies

A

Delayed hypersensitivity

33
Q

What factors affect the body’s resistance to infection

A

Nutrition, pre-existing disease, stress, exercise, sleep, genetic deficiency

34
Q

Where does passive immunity come from

A

Administration of synthetically produced antibodies

35
Q

Is passive immunity long term or short term

A

Short term

36
Q

What is active immunity

A

Immune response to vaccine or pathogen

37
Q

Does active immunity give memory

A

Yes

38
Q

What cell produces cytokines (specifically IFN gamma) for macrophages in early infection

A

NK cells

39
Q

What type of cells are NK cells

A

Lymphocytes

40
Q

Are NK cells MHC restricted

A

No

41
Q

Eosinophils degranulate and release…

A

Eosinophil cationic protein
Major basic protein
Eosinophil peroxidase
Reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen intermediates

42
Q

What do neutrophils consist of?

A

95% Circulating granulocytes

43
Q

What do lysosomes/azurophilic primary granules contain

A

Acid hydrolases, myeloperoxidases, and muramidase

44
Q

What occurs in the primary immune response

A

Antigen selected b and T cells proliferate and differentiate into effector cells

45
Q

What is a vaccine

A

Introduction of a microorganism or its antigen in a form not expected to cause disease

46
Q

What does a vaccine induce or cause

A

An immune response so we have memory cells

47
Q

Does passive immunity result in memory cells being produced

A

No

48
Q

What types of antibodies pass through the placenta?

A

IgG

49
Q

What types of antibodies pass through breast milk

A

IgA

50
Q

What are some examples of an overreaction of the immune system of B and T cells

A

Allergy, autoimmunity, graft and tissue rejections

51
Q

What are some examples of an underreaction of the immune system of B and T cells

A

Cancer and immunodeficiency

PAS 563 Med Phys (13 decks)

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