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PAS 563 Med Phys > Cell biology the basics > Flashcards

Cell biology the basics Flashcards

1
Q

Tell me about prokaryotes

A

Single nucleus, circular chromosomes, cyanobacteria, bacteria, rickettsiae

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2
Q

Tell me about eukaryotes

A

Complex cellular organization, membrane bound organelles well defined nucleus, higher animals, plants, fungi, protozoa

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3
Q

What are the eight major cellular functions

A

Movement, productivity, absorption, secretion, excretion, respiration, reproduction, communication

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4
Q

What is the chief function of nerve cells

A

Conductivity

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5
Q

Cells of what two organs carry out absorption?

A

Kidney and intestines

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6
Q

What do cells of the adrenal glands secrete?

A

Hormonal steroids

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7
Q

Where does cellular respiration occur

A

Mitochondria

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8
Q

What do pancreatic cells secrete and release

A

Insulin necessary to signal muscle cells to absorb sugar

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9
Q

What are the three principal parts of a typical eukaryotic cell

A

Intra-Cellular organelles, cytoplasm, plasma membrane

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10
Q

What is the nucleus made of?

A

Nuclear envelope, nucleolus, dna, histones

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11
Q

Functions of the nucleus

A

Cell division and control of genetic info

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12
Q

What is the structure of the er

A

Tubular or sac like channels

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13
Q

Function of the er

A

Where protein synthesis occurs, senses cellular stress

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14
Q

What is rna made of

A

RNA protein complexes

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15
Q

What is the function of ribosomes

A

Synthesize proteins

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16
Q

Structure of golgi?

A

Flattened smooth membranes, secretory vesicles and cisternae, clathrin coated vesicles

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17
Q

Where are proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum packaged

A

Golgi

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18
Q

Functions of the golgi?

A

Process, package, and release proteins

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19
Q

What is the structure of lysosomes

A

Saclike structures that originate from the Golgi

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20
Q

What are the function of the lysosome

A

Intracrllular digestion, auto digestion, autophagy

21
Q

Structure of peroxisomes?

A

Contain oxidative enzymes, site of oxygen utilization

22
Q

Peroxisome functions

A

Detoxify compounds and fatty acids, Break down harmful products into harmless ones, make phospholipids for nerve myelination

23
Q

Structure of mitochondria

A

Double membrane, crustaceans for more SA

24
Q

Functions of mitochondria

A

Cellular respiration, energy production, oxidative phosphorylation

25
Q

Structure of vaults a.k.a. ribonucleoprotein

A

Octagonal barrels with many arches

26
Q

Function of Vaults

A

Carry MRNA from the nucleus to cytoplasmic ribosomes

27
Q

Structure of cytosine

A

Gelatinous semi liquid portion of cytoplasm

28
Q

Functions of cytosol

A

Storage, ribosomal proteins synthesis

29
Q

Cytoskeleton function

A

Maintain cell shape and integrity, movement, mechanotransduction

30
Q

Basic functions of plasma membrane

A

Control space they enclose, enclose cell, provide selective transportation, cell to cell recognition, cellular mobility and shape

31
Q

Discrete units of the lipid bilayer

A

Microdomains

32
Q

What are the major workhorses of the cell

A

Proteins

33
Q

Functions of proteins

A

Receptors, transporters, enzymes, surface markers, adhesion molecules, catalysts

34
Q

What is the proteolytic cascade

A

Sequence of events that cause the breakdown of a protein

35
Q

What are the 4 major cascades?

A

Apoptosis, blood coagulation, matrix metalloprotein cascade, complement cascade

36
Q

What do plasma membrane receptors act as?

A

Cellular r receptors

37
Q

What binds cells together

A

Basement membrane
ECM
Cell adhesion molecules
Cell junctions

38
Q

What is the bsmt membrane

A

Thin tissue underlying organs

39
Q

What is the ECM

A

Proteins in s watery gel like substance of complex carbs

40
Q

Functions of ECM

A

Regulate cells growth differentiation and mvmt

41
Q

What is CAM

A

Cell surface molecule that promotes adhesive interactions

42
Q

What do cell junctions do

A

Holds cells together, lets small molecules pass from cell to cell

43
Q

Paracrine signsling

A

Secreting cell targets nearby cells

44
Q

Autocrine signsling

A

Secreting cell targets itself

45
Q

Hormonal signaling

A

Molecule dumped in blood

46
Q

Neurohormonal signaling

A

NT secreted in blood which acts on target cell

47
Q

NT

A

Nerve cell secretes NT which directly acts on cell

48
Q

Contact dependent signaling

A

Plasma membrane bound receptors and gap junctions

PAS 563 Med Phys (13 decks)

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