Cell biology the basics

Question 1

Tell me about prokaryotes

Answer 1

Single nucleus, circular chromosomes, cyanobacteria, bacteria, rickettsiae

Question 2

Tell me about eukaryotes

Answer 2

Complex cellular organization, membrane bound organelles well defined nucleus, higher animals, plants, fungi, protozoa

Question 3

What are the eight major cellular functions

Answer 3

Movement, productivity, absorption, secretion, excretion, respiration, reproduction, communication

Question 4

What is the chief function of nerve cells

Answer 4

Conductivity

Question 5

Cells of what two organs carry out absorption?

Answer 5

Kidney and intestines

Question 6

What do cells of the adrenal glands secrete?

Answer 6

Hormonal steroids

Question 7

Where does cellular respiration occur

Answer 7

Mitochondria

Question 8

What do pancreatic cells secrete and release

Answer 8

Insulin necessary to signal muscle cells to absorb sugar

Question 9

What are the three principal parts of a typical eukaryotic cell

Answer 9

Intra-Cellular organelles, cytoplasm, plasma membrane

Question 10

What is the nucleus made of?

Answer 10

Nuclear envelope, nucleolus, dna, histones

Question 11

Functions of the nucleus

Answer 11

Cell division and control of genetic info

Question 12

What is the structure of the er

Answer 12

Tubular or sac like channels

Question 13

Function of the er

Answer 13

Where protein synthesis occurs, senses cellular stress

Question 14

What is rna made of

Answer 14

RNA protein complexes

Question 15

What is the function of ribosomes

Answer 15

Synthesize proteins

Question 16

Structure of golgi?

Answer 16

Flattened smooth membranes, secretory vesicles and cisternae, clathrin coated vesicles

Question 17

Where are proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum packaged

Answer 17

Golgi

Question 18

Functions of the golgi?

Answer 18

Process, package, and release proteins

Question 19

What is the structure of lysosomes

Answer 19

Saclike structures that originate from the Golgi

Question 20

What are the function of the lysosome

Answer 20

Intracrllular digestion, auto digestion, autophagy

Question 21

Structure of peroxisomes?

Answer 21

Contain oxidative enzymes, site of oxygen utilization

Question 22

Peroxisome functions

Answer 22

Detoxify compounds and fatty acids, Break down harmful products into harmless ones, make phospholipids for nerve myelination

Question 23

Structure of mitochondria

Answer 23

Double membrane, crustaceans for more SA

Question 24

Functions of mitochondria

Answer 24

Cellular respiration, energy production, oxidative phosphorylation

Question 25

Structure of vaults a.k.a. ribonucleoprotein

Answer 25

Octagonal barrels with many arches

Question 26

Function of Vaults

Answer 26

Carry MRNA from the nucleus to cytoplasmic ribosomes

Question 27

Structure of cytosine

Answer 27

Gelatinous semi liquid portion of cytoplasm

Question 28

Functions of cytosol

Answer 28

Storage, ribosomal proteins synthesis

Question 29

Cytoskeleton function

Answer 29

Maintain cell shape and integrity, movement, mechanotransduction

Question 30

Basic functions of plasma membrane

Answer 30

Control space they enclose, enclose cell, provide selective transportation, cell to cell recognition, cellular mobility and shape

Question 31

Discrete units of the lipid bilayer

Answer 31

Microdomains

Question 32

What are the major workhorses of the cell

Answer 32

Proteins

Question 33

Functions of proteins

Answer 33

Receptors, transporters, enzymes, surface markers, adhesion molecules, catalysts

Question 34

What is the proteolytic cascade

Answer 34

Sequence of events that cause the breakdown of a protein

Question 35

What are the 4 major cascades?

Answer 35

Apoptosis, blood coagulation, matrix metalloprotein cascade, complement cascade

Question 36

What do plasma membrane receptors act as?

Answer 36

Cellular r receptors

Question 37

What binds cells together

Answer 37

Basement membrane ECM Cell adhesion molecules Cell junctions

Question 38

What is the bsmt membrane

Answer 38

Thin tissue underlying organs

Question 39

What is the ECM

Answer 39

Proteins in s watery gel like substance of complex carbs

Question 40

Functions of ECM

Answer 40

Regulate cells growth differentiation and mvmt

Question 41

What is CAM

Answer 41

Cell surface molecule that promotes adhesive interactions

Question 42

What do cell junctions do

Answer 42

Holds cells together, lets small molecules pass from cell to cell

Question 43

Paracrine signsling

Answer 43

Secreting cell targets nearby cells

Question 44

Autocrine signsling

Answer 44

Secreting cell targets itself

Question 45

Hormonal signaling

Answer 45

Molecule dumped in blood

Question 46

Neurohormonal signaling

Answer 46

NT secreted in blood which acts on target cell

Question 47

NT

Answer 47

Nerve cell secretes NT which directly acts on cell

Question 48

Contact dependent signaling

Answer 48

Plasma membrane bound receptors and gap junctions