GI commonly misses Flashcards
falciform ligament?
separates lobes of liver and attaches to the anterior abdominal wall
2 parts of the right lobe of the liver?
caudate and quadrate
where is the glisson capsule located
around the liver
why is the stomach environment sterile
stomach acid
what keeps bacterial numbers to a minimum in the duodenum
bile acid secretion, motility, and antibody production
where are there low concentrations of aerobes
jejunum
where is anaerobic bacteria located in the intestines
distal to the ileocecal valve
bilirubin?
byproduct of the destruction of aged RBC
what gives bile a green/black color and is resp for the yellow tinge in jaundice
bilirubin
3 types of bilirubin
conjugated, unconjugated, and urobilinogen
what is heme broken down into
iron and biliverdin
what does biliverdin become
unconjugated bilirubin
where does globin go after its broken down from hemoglobin
amino acid pool
what is lipid soluble: unconjugated or conjugated bilirubin
unconjugated bilirubin
what does unconjugated bilirubin + albumin form
bilirubin albumin complex thats soluble in blood
what is water soluble: unconjugated or conjugated bilirubin
conjugated bilirubin
where is conjugated bilirubin excreted?
with bile or in stools
urobilinogen is secreted where
urine and feces
what happens to tooth enamel and dentin as we age
wears down
when might we get peridontal disease, gum recession or osteoporotic bone changes
aging
what happens to taste buds as we age
they decline
what happens to smell as we age
diminishes
what happens to salivary secretion as we age
diminishes
what happens to esophageal and gastric motility as we age
decreases
pancreatic enzymes on in SI
trypsin, chymotrypsin, and carboxypeptidase
Protein enzymes on intestinal brush border
aminopeptidases and dipeptidases
carb enzymes on intestinal brush border
lactase, maltase, and sucrase
what breaks starch down into dextrins and oligosaccharides
salivary amylase
pancreatic amylase breaks down dextrins and oligosaccharides to form what
lactose, maltose, and sucrose
lactase, maltase, and sucrase break down lactose, maltose, and sucrose into what
galactose, glucose, and fructose
protein digestion begins in the ____ with _____
stomach with pepsin and HCl
this structure transports nutrients away from the digestive system
hepatic portal vein
mvmts of the SI facilitate what
digestion and absorption
3 reflexes in the intestines
gastroileal reflex, ileogastric reflex, and intestinointestinal reflex
what does the large intestine consist of
cecum, appendix, colon, rectum, and anus
haustra are located here
LI
what is located in the SI
mucosal folds (plica), villi, microvilli, lamina propia, and lacteal
microvilli are located in this part of the SI
jejunum
chyme?
partially digested food
