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PAS 563 Med Phys > CNS part 2 > Flashcards

CNS part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is nervous tissue made of

A

neurons and glia

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2
Q

gray matter?

A

general term for cell bodies in the CNS

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3
Q

cortex?

A

thin sheets of neurons usually at brain surface or cortex

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4
Q

nucleus?

A

mass of neurons that are large and deep in the brain

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5
Q

locus?

A

defined group of neurons smaller than a nucleus

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6
Q

ganglion?

A

collection of neurons in the PNS

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7
Q

white matter?

A

general term for axons in the CNS

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8
Q

tract?

A

collection of axons with a common origin and common destination

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9
Q

capsule?

A

group of axons connecting cerebrum and brainstem

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10
Q

commissure?

A

group of axons connecting one side of the brain to the other

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11
Q

lemniscus?

A

ribbon like tract

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12
Q

nerve?

A

bundle of axons in the PNS (except optic nerve)

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13
Q

what bones are in the cranium?

A

frontal, occipital, temporal (2), parietal, ethmoid, sphenoid

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14
Q

where is the galea aponeurotica located?

A

cranium

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15
Q

meninges?

A

protective membranes around the brain and spinal cord; dura, pia and arachnoid

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16
Q

CSF?

A

clear, colorless fluid similar to blood plasma and interstitial fluid

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17
Q

what is CSF made by

A

choroid plexuses in lateral, third, and 4th ventricle

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18
Q

what is CSF reabsorbed by

A

arachnoid villi

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19
Q

volume of CSF?

A

125-150 mL

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20
Q

functions of CSF?

A

act as a shock absorber to protect brain, assist in maintenance of constant internal environment, remove metabolites from brian

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21
Q

which vertebrae are fused

A

sacral and coccygeal

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22
Q

what does damage to the nervous system cause

A

predictable symptoms that help diagnosing neurologic lesions

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23
Q

what are the 2 cerebral hemispheres of the cerebrum divided by

A

longitudinal fissure

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24
Q

the left hemisphere controls mvmt and sensation from what side of the body

A

right

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25
Q

is the cerebellum motor or sensory?

A

motor

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26
Q

functions of cerebellum?

A

equilibrium, muscle coordination

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27
Q

what structure controls mvmt btwn the cerebrum and spinal cord

A

brainstem

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28
Q

what is the brainstem responsible for

A

regulation of vital body functions such as breathing and consciousness

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29
Q

if the spinal cord is transected, where is there loss of sensation and paralysis

A

below affected spinal level

30
Q

major conduit of sensory and motor info btwn brain and periphery

A

spinal cord

31
Q

gyri?

A

fold of the brain that increase surface area

32
Q

sulci?

A

small fissures that separate gyri

33
Q

where is the insular lobe seen?

A

when the lateral sulcus is pulled open

34
Q

what is the primary cortex involved in the function of

A

basic motor and basic sensory function

35
Q

association cortex?

A

larger areas of the cortex that cant be assigned specific functions; higher functions of the mind, interpret meaning of sensory info, form intentions

36
Q

parts of the frontal lobe?

A

prefrontal, premotor, primary motor, brocas speech

37
Q

what does the prefrontal area of the cortex deal with

A

goal directed behavior

38
Q

what does the left hemisphere deal with

A

language

39
Q

what does the right hemisphere deal with

A

attn to somatosensory stimuli

40
Q

what does the parietal lobe deal with

A

sensory input

41
Q

where is wernikes area located

A

temporal lobe

42
Q

brocas area?

A

motor speech area; helps with mvmts required to produce speech

43
Q

wernikes area?

A

sensory speech area; helps with understanding speech and using correct words to express our thoughts

44
Q

brocas aphasia?

A

expressive aphasia; loss of ability to produce spoken words or written language

45
Q

wernikes aphasia?

A

receptive aphasia; inability to understand written or spoken language

46
Q

are ppl with brocas aphasia aware of it

A

yes

47
Q

are ppl with wernikes aphasia aware of it

A

no

48
Q

what is the thalamus?

A

relay station where the sensory pathways for the somatic sensation, vision, and hearing synapse as they travel to the cortex

49
Q

what is the hypothalamus

A

command center for the ANS, endocrine system, and pituitary

50
Q

forebrain?

A

thalamus, hypothalamus, cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, retina, optic nerve, olfactory bulb

51
Q

amygdala and hippocampus?

A

emotions and memory

52
Q

tectum?

A

dorsal part of midbrain

53
Q

superior colliculus?

A

receives sensory input from the eye; controls eye mvmts

54
Q

inferior colliculus?

A

relay sensation for sensory input from the ear before it passes through the thalamus to the cortex

55
Q

tegmentum/cerebral peduncles?

A

ventral part of midbrain

56
Q

what are the 2 areas involved in motor control in the midbrain?

A

red nucleus and substantia nigra

57
Q

metencephalon consists of…

A

cerebellum and pons

58
Q

myenecephalon?

A

medulla oblongata

59
Q

hindbrian?

A

metencephalon and myelencephalon

60
Q

what are the 2 hemispheres of the cerebellum connected by

A

vermis

61
Q

what does the cerebellum receive axons from

A

forebrain and spinal cord

62
Q

what do descending inputs from the forebrain relay info about in the cerebellum

A

movements

63
Q

what do ascending inputs from the spinal cord relay info about in the cerebellum

A

position in body space (proprioception)

64
Q

what does damage to the cerebellum cause

A

jerky mvmts that are not coordinated and are inaccurate AKA ataxia

65
Q

what does the brainstem act as a nerve tract for

A

passage btwn the forebrain and spinal cord

66
Q

what contains nuclei (collections of nerve cell bodies) that are associated with cranial nerves

A

pons, midbrain, and medulla

67
Q

what do CN do

A

bring info from sense organs to the brain, control muscles, and are connected glands and internal organs

68
Q

each spinal nerve attaches to the spinal cord by 2 branches. what are they

A

dorsal root and ventral root

69
Q

what does the dorsal root of the spinal cord do

A

brings afferent info into the spinal cord; sensory

70
Q

what matter consists of nerve axons covered in myelin

A

white matter

71
Q

lateral and ventral columns convey what info where?

A

convey sensory and motor info via ascending and descending tracts, respectively

PAS 563 Med Phys (13 decks)

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