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Year 2 Pathology > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

1
Q

Name some of the functions of the skin…

A
  • Largest organ of the body
  • Protective barrier against environmental insults
  • Temperature and water loss regulation
  • Sensation
  • Vitamin D synthesis
  • Appearance
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2
Q

Name the 3 layers of the skin…

A
  • Epidermis
  • Dermis
  • Subcutaneous
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3
Q

What does this term mean in relation to skin:

‘Macule’

A

Macule

Means a flat area of altered colour

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4
Q

What does this term mean in relation to skin:

‘Patch’

A

Patch

Means a flat area of altered colour or texture

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5
Q

What does this term mean in relation to skin:

‘Plaque’

A

Plaque

Means a feel-able (palpable) scaling raised lesion

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6
Q

What does this term mean in relation to skin:

Nodule

A

Nodule

Means a solid raised lesion with a deeper componant that plaques

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7
Q

What is the difference between a Vesicle and a Bulla?

A

They are both raised clear fluid filled lesions. But a vesicle is less than 0.5cm in diameter and a bulla is more.

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8
Q

Name some benign lesions that can appear on skin?

A
  • Skin tags
  • Moles
  • Cysts
  • Papillomas
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9
Q

Are these lesions benign or malignant?

  • Skin tags
  • Moles
  • Cysts
  • Papollomas
A

These conditions are all benign

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10
Q

What are Fibroepithelial Polyps

A

They are common benign skin lesions. Occur in middle aged/older people. Show in the neck, trunk, face, axilla and groin. Flesh coloured bag like lesions.

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11
Q

What condition appears most in middle aged and older people and are flesh coloured bad like lesions?

A

Fibroepithelial polyps

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12
Q

What’s a Naevi?

A

It’s a birthmark/ mole. Caused by proliferation of melanocytes (pigment producing cells). They can happen in many layers of the skin causing different looking moles. (junctional, compound and intradermal)

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13
Q

What clinical term is given to encompass 2 types of cysts that come from infolding of epithelium.

A

Sebaceous cyst

Encompasses: epidermoid cyst and pilar cyst

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14
Q

What is Seborrhoeic Keratosis?

A

It’s a wart/mole that appears in older people as a sign of skin ageing. They arise spontaneously and appear on the trunk, head and neck.

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15
Q

What skin problem causes benign vascular tumours of the dermis that produce a bluey red boil like surface.
Also tend to occur in children.

A

Haemangioma

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16
Q

What’s a Hermangioma

A

(hint: Haem - blood = RED)

Bluey red boil like benign tumour of the dermis that appears in children

17
Q

Name some malignant skin lesions…

A
  • Basal Cell Cercinoma (BCC)
  • Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)
  • Bowen’s disease
  • Melanoma
18
Q

True or false…

Bowen’s disease is a benign skin lesion?

A

FALSE

Bowen’s disease is malignant

19
Q

What is the most common human cancer, that has slow growing tumours that rarely metastesize. They occur at sun exposed sites.

A

BASAL CELL CARCINOMA

20
Q

What is BASAL CELL CARCINOMA

A

It’s a malignant condition. But it slowly grows and rarely metastasises. Occur’s in sun exposed sites.
Most common human cancer.

21
Q

What is the most common human cancer?

A

Basal cell carcinoma

Slowly grows, rarely metastasises, occurs in sun exposed sites.

22
Q

What is Bowen’s Disease?

A

It’s a malignant condition which is a precursor to Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Is a result of sun damage and causes epidermal dysplasia.

23
Q

What condition is a precursor to Squamous cell carcinoma?

A

Bowen’s disease

Result of sun damage

24
Q

What skin cancer is the second commonest skin tumour of sun exposed sites in older people?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

bowen’s disease is the predisposition- caused by sun damage

25
Q

What is the name of the skin cancer that is fairly common, arises from sun damaged skin and can be very aggressive and spread widely.

A

MELANOMA

Used to be fatal but early diagnosis means can be removed.

26
Q

What are some signs of melanoma (a-e)

A 
A - asymmetry
B - Border irregularity 
C - Colour variable pigmentation in lesion
D - Diameter (mostly above 6mm)
E - Enlarged (grows)
27
Q

What is a rash in the most basic sense?

A

It’s an inflammatory skin reaction. For example Eczema

28
Q

What’s eczema?

A

It’s an inflammatory skin reaction (rash) which literally mean to ‘boil over’.
Causes: Itching, burning, rash, blisters.

29
Q

What skin condition commonly affects elbows, knees, scalp, lumbosacral area and glans penis.
Displays as well demarcated, salmon pink plaques with silver scaling.

A

PSORIASIS

Can also be associated with nail changes, arthritis, myopathy, enteropathy and spondylic joint disease.

30
Q

What skin condition is caused by a mite?

A

Scabies

Caused by the ‘human scabies mite’

31
Q

What condition do these symptoms describe?

  • Unwell
  • Deteriorates rapidly
  • Non blanching rash
A

Meningitis

32
Q

Give some examples of systemic conditions that can affect the skin…

A
  • Meningitis
  • SLE (Systemic lupus erythematosus)
  • Internal Malignancy

Year 2 Pathology (19 decks)

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