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Medicine: Histology > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

1
Q

what is the integumentary system and what does it consist of

A

largest organ of the body, 16% body weight
forms a physical barrier between internal and external environment
skin, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, hair and nails

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2
Q

functions of the integumentary system

A

prevention of loss of water
protection from environmental insults and bacteria
immune function, sensory function
regulation of body temperature
synthesis of vitamin D under the effects of sunlight

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3
Q

histological image of the skin

A

epidermis with keratin
dermis
dermal ridges that are interrogating with epidermal ridges
several blood vessels also present

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4
Q

label the layers top to bottom

A

stratum corneum
stratum lucidum
stratum granulosum
stratum spinosum
stratum basale
dermis

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5
Q

label the histological layers

A

stratum corneum
stratum lucidum
stratum granulosum
stratum spinosum
stratum basale
dermis

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6
Q

stratum basale

A

mitotic activity
cells are cuboidal/columnar
basophilic
cells move upwards

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7
Q

stratum spinosum

A

thickest layers
cells are polyhedral shaped
centrally located nucleus
langerhans cells present

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8
Q

stratum granulosum

A

3-5 layers
shape of cells is flat
stain basophilic due to keratohyaline granules (have proteins material in them)these help with keratinisation

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9
Q

stratum lucidum

A

translucent
eosinophilic
ony present in thick skin

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10
Q

stratum corneum

A

horny layer
dead keratinocytes and anucleated (originated in the basale and migrated all the way up)
this Layer is replenished every few weeks

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11
Q

what do desmosomes do

A

bind the cells together

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12
Q

what are the different cells in the epidermis

A

keratinocytes
langerhans
melanocytes
merkel

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13
Q

label the cells in the epidermis

A

granules
keratinocytes
langerhans
melanocyte
merkel
tactile disc
sensory neutron

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14
Q

keratinocytes

A

originate in basale
move up spinosum
lose nucleus as they reach corneum

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15
Q

langerhans

A

in spinous
pale staining cells

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16
Q

melanocytes

A

pale staining
involved with formation of melanin/pigment in skin
provides protection against UV light/sun
come from neural crest cells

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17
Q

Merkel cells

A

mechanoreceptors
help with sensing light touch
from neural crest cells

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18
Q

vitiligo

A

autoimmune destruction of melanocytes
symmetrical depigmentation areas

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19
Q

albinism

A

no melanin

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20
Q

acanthosis

A

thickening of the stratum spinosum of the epidermis
typically seen in epidermal hyperplasia

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21
Q

hypergranulosis

A

thickening and prominence of the status granulosum of the epidermis
often in response to chronic mechanical irritation of the skin

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22
Q

hyperkeratosis

A

thickening of the stratum corneum of the epidermis
orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis refers to hyperkeratosis without the presence of nuclei

23
Q

parakeratosis

A

a form of hyperkeratosis in which nuclei are retained in the stratum corneum
seen in many conditions such as psoriasis

24
Q

ulceration

A

discontinuity of an epithelial surface including the epidermis or mucous membranes

25
describe the image
seborrhoeic (fungal) dermatitis thickened epidermis disrupted by infiltration of lymphocytes associated with an accumulation of fluid between the keratinocytes surface keratin layers still contain remnants of keratinocyte nuclei- parakeratosis blood vessels in upper dermis are dilated and surrounded by lymphocytes and macrophages
26
dermatitis
thickened epidermis lymphocytic infiltrate clear areas of fluid accumulation parakeratosis dilated blood vessels
27
what is in this picture
Bowen's disease slow extending, lightly pigmented, scaly plaques when biopsy: full-thickness dysplasia with prominent nuclear pleomorphism histological: full thickness dysplasia with abnormal mitoses, lack of cellular maturation from top to bottom and pleomorphic keratinocytes, no dermis invasion as basement membrane intact, carcinoma in situ
28
what is in the image
squamous cell carcinoma identified by keratin pearls (concentric rings)
29
layers of the dermis
papillary reticular
30
papillary
loose connective tissue small blood vessels nerves lymphatics sensory receptors meissners corpuscles
31
reticular
dense irregular connective tissue larger nerves and blood vessels glands hair follicles sensory receptors pacinian corpuscles Ruffini end organs
32
contents of dermis
glands capillaries nerves lymphatics hair follicles
33
connective tissue layers
lots of collagen and elastic fibres give strength and resilience to skin elastic fibres give elastic recoil fibroblasts help with healing and regeneration
34
three types of dermal gland
merocrine apocrine holocrine
35
meorcrine
sweat (eccrine) glands predominant in most areas thin secretion (exocytosis/secretory vesicle going out) cell remains intact
36
apocrine
puberty only in the axillary and pubic areas thick secretion (part of cell leaves with the secretory vesicle, thicker secretions)
37
holocrine
sebaceous glands the whole cell detached and goes out with the vesicle sebum is thick
38
label A,B and C
merocrine apocrine holocrine
39
label from purple on left
Ruffini ending merkels disc meissners corpuscle Krause end bulb nerve pacinian corpuscle
40
Ruffini
encapsulated touch and pressure sneery receptor sense twisting or stretch or distortion located in the dermis
41
pacinian
encapsulated respond to vibration and pressure present in dermis and hypodermis
42
meissners
encapsulated respond to light touch located at the apex of dermal papilla
43
Krause end bulbs
encapsulated respond to low frequency vibration
44
merkel
unencapsulated light touch mechanoreceptors somatosensory
45
which skin is pacinian found in compared to messiners
pancinian mainly in reticular layer of dermis and in both thick and thin skin meissners mainly in thin skin
46
what is in the image
meissners
47
what is in the image
pacinian corpuscle
48
what is in the image and describe
pilosebaceous unit hair is a highly modified keratinised structure, grows in the hair follicle rector pili muscle sits in the papillary layer of the dermis sympathetic innervation can cause pilo-erection by cold or fear each hair has 1+ holocrine gland to secrete sebum that acts as waterproofing and lubricating agent for hair and skin
49
arector pili muscle
type of smooth muscle involuntary contraction makes the hair stand up
50
what is in the image
SG=sebaceous gland AP=arector pili N=nuclei
51
what does the image show
the build up of cutibacterium acnes
52
primary source of vitamin D in humans
photo activation in the skin of 7-dehydrocholesterol to cholecalciferol then converted first in the liver to 25-hydroxyvitamin D and subsequently in the kidney to 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol
53
4 stages of wound healing, brief
1. blood clots at the site by releasing platelet-derived growth factors 2. macrophages and neutrophils enter the wound as the inflammation begins, epithelial cells from cut edges of stratum basale migrate beneath and through the blood clot 3. under growth factors and hydrolytic enzyme release from macrophages the fibroblasts proliferate and produce new collagen to form granulation tissue, contains growing capillaries 4. epidermis re-establishes over the wound site, excessive collagen remains in the dermis as scar tissue

Medicine: Histology (15 decks)

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