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Medicine: Histology > Lymphatics > Flashcards

Lymphatics Flashcards

1
Q

function of the lymphatic system

A
  1. vessels transport excess fluid away from interstitial space in most tissues and return it to the bloodstream
  2. special lymphatic capillaries (lacteals) located in the lining of the small intestine absorb digested fats, then transport the fats to venous circulation
  3. organs of the lymphatic system also help defend the body against infection by disease-causing agents
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2
Q

components of the lymphatic system

A

lymphatic capillaries
lymphatic vessels
lymphatic trunks
lymphatic ducts

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3
Q

label top to bottom

A

lymph duct
lymph trunk
lymph node
collecting lymphatic vessels with valves
lymphatic capillary

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4
Q

what is in the image

A

lymphatic capillary

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5
Q

what do lymphatic capillaries have

A

epithelial lining
single layer of endothelial cells

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6
Q

function of anchoring filament

A

pulls apart endothelial cells to widen the opening

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7
Q

label the image top to bottom

A

interstitial fluid
tissue cell
anchoring filament
opening
endothelium of lymphatic capillary
lymph

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8
Q

what causes lymph to be transported through lymphatic vessels

A
  1. bulging of contracting skeletal muscles and pulsation of nearby arteries
  2. contraction of tunica media
  3. normal movement of the limbs and the trunk
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9
Q

types of lymphoid cells

A

B cells
T cells
NK cells
Plasma cells
Dendritic cells and macrophages

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10
Q

B cells

A

develop in the bone marrow
responsible for production of antibodies
B cells differentiate into B memory cells and plasma cells
providing humoral immunity

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11
Q

T cells

A

originate in the bone marrow
mature in the thymus
subsequently seed into secondary lymphoid tissue
differentiate into helper, memory and cytotoxic
cell mediated response
assist B cells in humoral

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12
Q

NK cells

A

arise from bone marrow
stimulated by interferon
recognise and destroy non-self cells

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13
Q

plasma cells

A

differentiate from B lymphocytes and produce humoral antibodies

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14
Q

dendritic cells and macrophages

A

phagocytose foreign matter
enhance bodys repsonse to antigen by presenting antigen to lymphocytes and secrete immunomodulatory factors

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15
Q

label the lymph node

A

lymphatic nodule: purple
germinal centre: pink
mantle zone: border of purple
medullary sinus: bit after the beige
medullary cord: beige bit
paracortex: blue bit
afferent vessels: several green bits
high endothelial venule: blue swollen bit
hilum: outside
efferent vessel: one fatter green bit
capsule: the thicker wall
valve: valve looking structure

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16
Q

what is the cortex comprised of

A

lymphatic nodule
germinal centre
mantle zone

17
Q

what is the medulla comprised of

A

medullary sinus
medullary cord

18
Q

cortex function

A

B cell activation and clonal expansion
produce large number of B lymphocytes reactive to specific antigens
production of memory B lymphocytes

19
Q

paracortex function

A

T cell activation
clonal expansion to produce large numbers of t lymphocytes reactive to pseicifc antigens
production of memory T lymphocytes

20
Q

medulla function

A

plasma cell maturation and secretion of antibody

21
Q

high endothelial venules

A

located in the lymph nodes, appendix, tonsils,peyers patches
lining is simple cuboidal
allows diapedesis

22
Q

diapedesis

A

allows transport of lymphocytes through the endothelium

23
Q

label the lymph node

A

co- cortex which has lymphoid nodules
me- medulla (plasma cells and macrophages)
ca-capsule

24
Q

label the lymph node

A

ca- capsule
ScS- subscapular sinus
GC- germinal center
Pc- paracortex
LV- lymph vessel
V- valve
BV- blood vessel

25
Q

what is the function of the sub scapular sinus

A

receives lymph and allows transportation

26
Q

clinical correlation of lymph nodes

A

sentinel lymph node
hypothetical first lymph node or group of nodes draining a cancer

27
Q

what is in the image? where is it located? what is its function?

A

Hassal/thymic corpuscle
in the thymic medulla
composed of type 6 epithelial reticular cells ERC
ERCs are primary cells involved with making sure no T cells are allowed to survive
could attack body’s own cells

28
Q

CATCH 22

A

C- congenital heart disease
A- abdnomal face
T- thymic aplasia or hypoplasia
C- cleft palate
H- hypocalcemia
22: microdeletion of chromosome 22q11

29
Q

spleen location

A

left upper quadrant
inferior to diaphragm
in area of rib 9 and 10
posterior to the stomach
intraperitoneal

30
Q

label spleen

A

LHS:
splenic artery
splenic vein
RHS:
marginal zone (white pulp)
periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (white pulp)
primary follicle (white pulp)
red pulp

31
Q

thymus location

A

inferior to the neck
in the superior thorax
posterior to the sternum
2 lobes, have numerous lobules

32
Q

describe the image

A

blood-thymus barrier prevents pre-mature exposure of lymphocytes to antigens
basal lamina of reticular cells often fused with basal lamina of capillary endothelium, create physical barrier that protects immature lymphocytes from foreign blood-borne antigens

33
Q

white pulp

A

composed mostly of B lymphocytes and periarterial lymphatic sheath PALS
sleeve of T lymphocytes that surrounds a central arteriole

34
Q

red pulp

A

composed mostly of splenic cords
suspended in loose reticular connective tissue, contains B and T lymphocytes
cords are surrounded by splenic sinuses lined by endothelial cells
surrounded by reticular fibres

35
Q

thin fibrous capsule in spleen

A

trabeculae extend inwards

36
Q

ratio white pulp

A

20%
composed of lymphoid tissue
provides spleen its immune function

37
Q

ratio red pulp

A

80%
splenic sinuses (vascular channels)
splenic cords
provides macrophages to phagocytose defective blood cells

38
Q

label spleen

A

RP- red pulp
WP- white pulp

39
Q

what is in the image? label it? what type of lymphoid tissue?

A

palatine tonsil
F: lymphoid follicle beneath epithelium
C: stratified squamous epithelium folded into crypts

is GALT

Medicine: Histology (15 decks)

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