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Medicine: Histology > Histology of the muscle > Flashcards

Histology of the muscle Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 types of muscle

A

skeletal
cardiac
smooth

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2
Q

functions of the muscular system

A

locomotion
posture maintenance
muscle tone
heat generation
joint stability
vasoconstriction and vasodilation
peristalsis
cardiac motion and contractility

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3
Q

striation

A

Only present in skeletal and cardiac muscles (absent in smooth muscle)

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4
Q

nucleus

A

Smooth and cardiac muscles are uni-nucleated (one nucleus per cell), skeletal muscle is multinucleated (several nuclei per cell)

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5
Q

transverse Tubule

A

Well developed in skeletal and cardiac muscles to transport calcium (absent in smooth muscle)

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6
Q

intercalated disk

A

Specialized intercellular junction that is only present in cardiac muscle

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7
Q

control

A

Skeletal muscle is under voluntary control‚ smooth and cardiac muscles are under involuntary control

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8
Q

types of skeletal muscle

A

parallel
convergent
pennate
circular

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9
Q

types of parallel muscles

A

parallel muscle
parallel muscle with tendinous bands
wrapping muscle

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10
Q

parallel muscle example

A

biceps brachil muscle

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11
Q

parallel muscle with tendinous bands

A

rectus abdominus

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12
Q

wrapping muscle

A

supinator

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13
Q

example of convergent muscle

A

pectoralis muscles

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14
Q

types of pennate muscles

A

unipennate
bipennate
multipennate

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15
Q

unipennate muscle

A

extensor digitorum

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16
Q

bipennate muslce

A

rectus femoris

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17
Q

multipennate muscle

A

deltoid

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18
Q

label the image

A
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19
Q

types of connective tissue sheaths

A

epimysium
perimysium and fascicles
endomysium

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20
Q

epimysium

A

overcoat of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the whole muscle

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21
Q

perimysium and fascicles

A

within each skeletal muscle the fibers are grouped into fascicles that resemble bundles of sticks
surrounding each fascicle is a layer of dense irregular connective tissue perimysium

22
Q

endomysium

A

sheath of connective tissue that surrounds each muscle fibre and is connective tissue in nature

23
Q

what is in the image and from which view

A

cross section of skeletal muscle

24
Q

what is in the image and from which view

A

cross section of skeletal muscle

25
skeletal muscle in cross section
hexagonal profile with individual cells moulded together nucleic beneath cell membrane fibrocollagenous septa contain blood vessels
26
what is in the image and from which view
skeletal muscle in a longitudinal view
27
skeletal muscle in longitudinal view
shows prominent cross striations dark bands termed A bands and light are termed I bands correspond to the arrangement of thick and thin filaments in myofibrils nuclei appear as elongated structures beneath cell membrane, each fibre has many nuclei
28
what is a sarcomere
the region of myofibril between 2 successive Z discs smallest contractile unit of a muscle fibre
29
what are the two different bands
dark and light A and I
30
dark band
A bands has lighter region in midsection called H zone
31
H zone
bisected vertical by dark line called M line M for middle
32
light band
I band has a midline interruption called Z disc or Z line
33
where are I bands found
thin filaments
34
where are H zones found
thick filaments only q
35
where is the M line found
thick filaments linked by accessory proteins
36
outer edge of the A bands
thick and thin filaments overlap
37
what is a motor endplate
specialised chemical synapses formed at the sites where the terminal branches of the axon of a motor neuron contact a target muscle cell.
38
action of the motor end plate
activation causes release of acetylcholine from storage granules by exocytosis then diffuses across gap between axon and muscle fibre and interacts with specific membrane receptors to cause depolarisation of muscle fibre initiates contraction activity of secreted acetylcholine is curtailed by activity of acetylcholinesterase bound to basement membrane hydrolyses acetylcholine into acetic acid and choline specialised motor axons innervate fibres in the muscle spindle
39
myasthenia graves
autoimmune disease antibodies bind to acetylcholine receptors prevent acetylcholine from interacting with receptors causing depolarisation develop muscle weakness manifested by fatiguability, unable to lift arms failure to maintain upright posture of head and drooping of eyelids treatment is by administration of anticholinesterases potentiates action of acetylcholine and allows it to bind to receptors not blocked by antibody
40
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
deficiency of dystrophin genetic disorder dystrophin encoded by gene on short arm of X chromosome Xp21 linked to cytoplasmic side of sarcolemma of muscle fibre rapid progression of skeletal muscle degeneration mainly young boys muscle weakness and wasting
41
what is in the image
Duchenne muscular dystrophy lack of dystrophin results in damage to skeletal muscle cell membrane with eventual death of muscle fibers dead muscle cells replaced y fat cells muscle fibres are of various diameters
42
what is in the image
longitudinal section of cardiac muscle cells contain 1 or 2 nucleus extensive eosinophilic cytoplasm gives 3d appearance elongated nuclei central located
43
what is in the image
transverse section of cardiac muscle
44
what is in the image
ID are intercalated disks cross section under polarised light
45
what is in the amigo and what are the red lines
intercalated discs longitudinal section of cardiac muscle
46
what is in the image
transverse section of cardiac muscle
47
what is in the image
longitudinal section of smooth muscle can see serosa and elongated nuclei but there's no striations
48
what is in the image
cross section of smooth muscle
49
skeletal muscle summary
50
cardiac muscle summary
51
smooth muscle summary
52
what are satellite cells
are adult myogenic stem cells that repair damaged muscle. After injury, the population of SCs becomes engaged in two processes: SCs produce myoblasts that can replace damaged fibers and also undergo self-reneweal to replenish their pool for subsequent rounds of repair following injury.

Medicine: Histology (15 decks)

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