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a level p.e year 1 > Skill characteristics and their impact on transfer and practice 2.1 > Flashcards

Skill characteristics and their impact on transfer and practice 2.1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a skill

A

A learned ability to bring about predetermined results with the minimum outlay of time and energy

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2
Q

What does ACEFACE stand for

A 
Aesthetically pleasing
Consistent
Efficient
Fluent
Accurate
Controlled
Economical
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3
Q

What does “ACEFACE” describe

A

The characteristics of a skill

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4
Q

When is an “open skill” performed

A

When the sporting environment is unpredictable

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5
Q

What is an example of an “open skill”

A

A pitch sport, a pass in football

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6
Q

What does the unpredictable environment refer to

A

The changing in positions of your team mates and opponents

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7
Q

When is a “closed skill” performed

A

When the sporting environment is predictable

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8
Q

What is an example of a “closed skill”

A

A throwing sport or routine sports

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9
Q

What does a predictable environment refer to

A

Performer can repeat actions consistently and few decisions have to be made

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10
Q

What is a “Gross skill”

A

A skill that uses large muscle movements

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11
Q

What is an example of a “Gross skill”

A

A rugby tackle

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12
Q

What muscles are used in a rugby tackle

A

leg muscles shoulder muscles

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13
Q

What is a “Fine skill”

A

A skill that uses small muscle groups

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14
Q

What is an example of a “Fine skill”

A

returning a shot in table tennis

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15
Q

What is a “self-paced skill”

A

When a performer controls the start and the speed of the skill

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16
Q

What is an example of a “self-paced skill”

A

serving in a tennis match

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17
Q

What is an “externally paced skill”

A

The performer has no control over when to start the skill

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18
Q

What is an example of an “externally paced skill”

A

The sailor reacting to the speed of the wind and the flow of the current

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19
Q

What is a “discrete skill”

A

The skill has a clear beginning and end

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20
Q

What is an example of a “discrete skill”

A

A tennis serve

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21
Q

What is a “continuous skill”

A

There’s not clear beginning or end

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22
Q

What is an example of a “continuous skill”

A

Pedalling in cycling

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23
Q

What is a “serial skill”

A

A skill that contains several discrete skills in order to make a more integrated movement

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24
Q

What is an example of a “serial skill”

A

Gymnastics routine

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25
Q

What is a “low organisation skill”

A

A skill that is easily broken into parts

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26
Q

What is an example of a “low organisation skill”

A

Swimming stroke

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27
Q

What is a high “organisation skill”

A

A skill that isn’t easily broken into parts

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28
Q

What is an example of a “high organisation skill”

A

A volley in football

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29
Q

What is a “simple skill”

A

A skill that requires few decisions when being performed

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30
Q

What is an example of a “simple skill”

A

A forward roll in gymnastics

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31
Q

What is a “complex skill”

A

A skill that requires decision making using lots of info when performed

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32
Q

What is an example of a “complex skill”

A

Dribbling in hockey

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33
Q

What is “positive transfer”

A

When the learning of one skill helps learning of another

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34
Q

What is an example of “positive transfer”

A

Basketball pass - netball pass

overarm volley in volleyball - tennis serve

35
Q

What is “negative transfer”

A

When the learning of one skill hinders the learning of another

36
Q

What is an example of “negative transfer”

A

arm action of a tennis serve - wrist action of a badminton serve

37
Q

What is “zero transfer”

A

When the learning of one skill has no impact on the learning of another

38
Q

What is an example of “zero transfer”

A

Swimming arm action - foot placement in rock climbing

39
Q

What is “bilateral transfer”

A

When the skill is passed across the body from limb to limb

40
Q

How can you encourage “positive transfer”

A

Make the training more realistic,

41
Q

How can you make training more realistic for “positive transfer”

A

Instead of using equipment use real people

42
Q

What is “whole practice”

A

Practising the skill in its entirety

43
Q

What “practice” would the coach use when the skill is ballistic and discrete

A

Whole practice

44
Q

What “practice” would the coach use when the skill is highly organised

A

Whole practice

45
Q

What “practice” would the coach use when the skill is simple

A

Whole practice

46
Q

What “practice” would the coach use when the performer is at the autonomous stage

A

Whole practice

47
Q

What “practice” would the coach use when the kinaesthesis of the task is required

A

Whole practice

48
Q

What is an example of a whole practice skill

A

The swing of a golf club

49
Q

Name 3 advantages of using Whole practice

A
  • creates specific images
  • more realistic than part practice
  • Makes the skill consistent
50
Q

Name 3 disadvantages of using whole practice

A
  • Fatigue
  • Info overload
  • Task could be difficult to break down
51
Q

How is creating specific images an advantage of whole practice

A

stored as a motor programme which is stored in the long term memory, useful when memory needs to be recalled

52
Q

If the skill is hard to break down what practice would you use

A

Whole-part-whole

53
Q

What is whole-part-whole

A
  • Assessing the skill
  • identifying the weakness to practice
  • putting the skill back together again
54
Q

What is an example of when to use whole-part-whole practice

A

The arm action when smashing a volleyball

55
Q

What are the advantages of using whole-part-whole practice

A
  • Motivation when you succeed
  • immediate feedback
  • Makes the skill fluent
56
Q

Disadvantages of whole-part-whole

A
  • Negative transfer

- Time consuming

57
Q

How can a coach avoid negative transfer when using whole-part-whole

A

Put the broken down skill back into the whole session as it’ll be fresh in mind

58
Q

What is progressive part practice

A

practicing parts of the skill and adding parts gradually

59
Q

What practice would you use for a serial skill or a dangerous skill

A

Progressive part practice

60
Q

What is an example of progressive part practice

A

Any routine sport

61
Q

When would you use progressive part practice (skill type)

A
  • Complex
  • serial
  • externally paced
  • low organised
62
Q

What are the advantages of progressive part practice

A
  • Gives motivation
  • reduces danger, fatigue, demands
  • focus on weakness
63
Q

Disadvantages of progressive part practice

A
  • Time consuming
  • first part is wrong everything is
  • negative transfer
64
Q

What is massed practice

A

No rest intervals

65
Q

When would you use massed practice (skill type)

A
  • Discrete
  • Simple
  • Closed
  • Highly organised
  • self-paced
66
Q

What are the advantages of Massed practice

A
  • Forms motor programmes
  • Increases fitness
  • enhances over learning
  • Good for habitual responses
  • Efficient
67
Q

What are the disadvantages of massed practice

A

No time for feedback
fatigue
too demanding

68
Q

What is an example of when to use massed practice

A

Basketball player practicing a free throw

69
Q

What is distributed practice

A

Rest intervals between sessions

70
Q

When would you use distributed practice (skill type)

A
  • Continuous
  • Complex
  • Low organised
  • serial
  • externally paced
71
Q

What are the advantages of distributed practice

A
  • Allows recovery
  • less mental pressure
  • allows mental rehearsal/feedback
  • reduces danger
72
Q

What are the disadvantages of distributed practice

A
  • Time consuming

- negative transfer

73
Q

What is varied practice

A

Changing the skills and drills/ type of practice

74
Q

When would you use varied practice (skill type)

A
  • Complex
  • open
  • externally paced
75
Q

What are the advantages of varied practice

A
  • Builds a schema
  • Gives motivation
  • Allows adaptation
76
Q

What are the disadvantages of varied practice

A
  • Time consuming
  • possibility of negative transfer
  • fatigue
  • too demanding
77
Q

What is an example of distributed practice

A

Swimmer practicing a stroke technique

78
Q

What is an example of varied practice

A

Football pass

79
Q

What is mental practice

A

Go over it in the mind without movement

80
Q

When would you use mental practice

A

In the warm up before a game
serial
complex

81
Q

What are the advantages of mental practice

A
  • Improves reaction time
  • builds motor programme
  • builds confidence
  • controls anxiety
82
Q

What are the disadvantages of mental practice

A

Must be correct!

environment must be calm

83
Q

What is an example of mental practice

A

Going over a routine before a competition

a level p.e year 1 (31 decks)

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