cardio vascular system 1.1 Flashcards
name 12 parts of the heart
- Right atrium
- right ventricle
- left atrium
- left ventricle
- tricuspid valve
- bicuspid valve
- Semi lunar valve
- septum
- pulmonary artery
- vena cava
- pulmonary vein
- aorta
What is health
The state of complete mental, social and physical well being and being free from disease
What causes heart disease
- Insufficient O2 delivered to heart
- Artery’s become blocked with fatty acids
- causes angina increased risk of heart attack
- caused by high BP, cholesterol, lack of exercise and smoking
Impact of PA on the heart
- Keeps heart more efficient
- cardiac hypertrophy
- reduced risk of heart disease
- maintains blood vessel flexibility
- increased SV
What is high blood pressure
- High force of blood against a vessel
- high BP puts extra strain on arteries and heart
- lead to heart attack/failure kidney disease or stroke
Impact of PA on high blood pressure
- Regular aerobic exercise can reduce BP
- Reduce risk of a heart attack
What are the 2 types of cholesterol levels
-Low density liproteins (LDL)
Bad
High density lipoproteins (HDL)
Good
What does Low density liproteins do
- Transport cholesterol in blood to tissues
- increases risk of heart disease
What does High density lipoproteins do
- Transport excess cholesterol in blood back to liver to be broken down
- reduces risk of heart disease
Impact of PA on cholesterol levels
-Regular PA
Lowers bad LDL cholesterol levels
increases good cholesterol
What is a stroke
- O2 supply to brain stops
- causes damage to brain cells, brain injury, disability, death
Impact of PA to a stroke
-Regular exercise can help lower BP and help maintain a healthy weight
What is starlings law
Stroke volume of the heart increases in response to an increase in the volume of blood in the ventricles
What’s the difference between an athlete’s cardiac output and a non athletes cardiac output at rest
Nothing the cardiac output stays the same
What is venous returns
The volume of blood returning to the heart via veins
What happens when more cardiac fibres stretch
The greater the force of contraction and a higher % of blood pumped out of the left ventricle/beat
What’s the increase in heart rate called before exercise
Anticipatory rise
What is Systole
The phase of the heart beat when the heart beat when the heart contracts to pump blood
What is Diastole
The phase of the heart beat when the heart relaxes to fill with blood
Atrial systole
Contraction of the left and right atria
Ventricular systole
Contraction of the left and right ventricle
Cardiac diastole
Period of time when the heart relaxes after contraction in preparation of refilling
What is the cardiac conduction system
A group of specialised cells that send an electrical impulse to the cardiac muscle causing it to contract
What do chemoreceptors detect and how do they act
They detect a change in CO2 or O2 and then increase or decrease the heart rate