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A level P.E Year 1 > Information processing 9.1 > Flashcards

Information processing 9.1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 senses

A
  • kinesthesis
  • auditory
  • touch
  • balance
  • sight
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2
Q

What are the 2 external senses

A

sight

auditory

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3
Q

What are the 3 internal senses

A

kinesthesis
touch
balance

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4
Q

What is selective attention

A

Filtering information from relevant and irrelevant information

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5
Q

What’s the first stage of whitings model

A

input data from display

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6
Q

What’s the second stage of whitings model

A

receptor systems

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7
Q

What’s the third stage of whitings model

A

perceptual mechanism

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8
Q

What’s the fourth stage of whitings model

A

translatory mechanism

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9
Q

What’s the fifth stage of whitings model

A

effector mechanism

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10
Q

What’s the sixth stage of whitings model

A

muscular system

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11
Q

What’s the seventh stage of whitings model

A

output data

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12
Q

what’s the eighth stage of whitings model

A

feedback data

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13
Q

What’s the environment

A

contains the information needed to perform

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14
Q

What’s the display

A

sporting information available from the environment

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15
Q

What are the receptor systems

A
  • sight
  • sound
  • balance
  • touch
  • kinesthesis
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16
Q

What does perceptual mechanisms do

A

detects the host of information picked up by the receptors and filters it into relevant and irrelevant information

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17
Q

What does the translatory mechanism do

A

compare relevant information to a past memory in the LTM

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18
Q

What does the effector mechanism do

A

Sends coded impulse to muscles

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19
Q

What does the muscular system do

A

picks up impulse and begins to contract

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20
Q

What does the output data do

A

response beings action is complete

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21
Q

What does the feedback data do

A

receive feedback in different forms

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22
Q

What is an example of selective attention

A

Badminton player focusing on the cock rather than someone in the crowd

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23
Q

What are the benefits of selective attention

A

It improves your reaction time

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24
Q

How does selective attention improve your reaction time

A

Hicks law

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25
Q

What is Hicks law

A

The more stimuli there is to react to the longer your reaction time is

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26
Q

At what number of stimuli does Hicks law plateau at

A

7

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27
Q

Why can’t you process to much information

A

Working memory has a limited capacity so too much info could affect the memory function

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28
Q

What is the effector mechanism and muscular output

A

Network of nerves

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29
Q

What are the 3 parts of the perceptual mechanism

A
  • Detection
  • Comparison
  • Recognition
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30
Q

What does the detection stage mean in the perceptual mechanism

A

the performer has picked up relevant information and identified it as important

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31
Q

How did the performer detect the information in the perceptual mechanism

A

Using their senses

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32
Q

What does the comparison stage do in the perceptual mechanism

A

Matches relevant information to information already in the memory of the performer

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33
Q

What happens in the recognition stage of the perceptual mechanism

A

Used information from the memory to identify an appropriate response

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34
Q

When is it difficult to detect information

A

When it’s: - not clear

             - contains to much information
             - disguised by the opposition
35
Q

When did whiting make his information processing model

A

1969

36
Q

What is whitings information processing model made up of

A
  • input data
  • receptor systems
  • perceptual mechanisms
  • translatory mechanisms
  • effector mechanisms
  • muscular system
  • output data
  • feedback data
37
Q

What are the 4 things the working memory model is made up of

A
  • Central executive
  • phonological loop
  • visuospatial sketchpad
  • episodic buffer
38
Q

What is the central executive’s function

A

control center, sends information to the correct places of the brain

39
Q

What is the phonological loops function

A

Deals with auditory information from the senses,

40
Q

What 2 things does the phonological loop have to help produce a memory trace

A
  • Phonological store

- articulatory system

41
Q

What is a memory trace

A

initial mental idea of the skill

42
Q

What happens when a memory trace is sent to the long term memory

A

It triggers a motor program or images of parts of a skill

43
Q

What 2 types of information does the visuospatial sketchpad contain

A

visual (sight)

spatial (where)

44
Q

What does the visuospatial sketchpad help process

A

The feel of the movement

45
Q

What is the visuospatial sketch pad further divided into

A
  • visual ache

- inner scribe

46
Q

What does the visual ache deal with

A

holds info about form and colour

47
Q

What does the inner scribe deal with

A

Holds info about spatial and movement information

48
Q

What is the episodic buffer’s function

A

co-ordinating the work of the phonological loop and visuospatial sketchpad

49
Q

What 3 things does the episodic buffer co-ordinate

A
  • sight
  • sound
  • movements
50
Q

Where does the episodic buffer send the sight, sound and movement information

A

Long term memory

51
Q

What is the main part of the working memory that helps with motor programmes

A

Episodic buffer

52
Q

What is the first job of the working memory model

A

To pick up relevant information from the environment

53
Q

What do coaches use to make sure that the information is stored in the long term memory

A
  • Rewards
  • Association
  • Breaking down the task
  • making sure they focus
  • repetition
  • motor programmes
54
Q

What types of rewards are there

A
  • Extrinsic

- Intrinsic

55
Q

What is association

A

Linking the stored actions of a skill to a stored emotion or other action

56
Q

What practice is good for remembering a trampoline routine

A

Mental practice

57
Q

How does breaking down the task help you remember the skill

A

It prevents information overload

58
Q

What is chunking

A

Breaking the skill action into parts or sub-routines

59
Q

How does focusing on the task help you remember the information

A

Selective attention is more efficient so the correct information goes into the STM and then LTM

60
Q

How does repeating an action help you remember it

A

The skill becomes coded and stored as a motor programme

61
Q

What is a schema

A

Core principles can be take from an existing motor program and the adapted using info from environment and senses

62
Q

What are the 4 parameters of a schema

A
  • Initial conditions
  • Response specifications
  • Sensory consequences
  • Response outcome
63
Q

What is the “initial conditions” of a schema

A

info from the sporting environment that must be recognised before the schema can be used

64
Q

What is the “response specifications” of a schema

A

Info from the environment is used to access the available options open to the performer

65
Q

What is the recall schema responsible for

A

initiating the movement that happens before the action has taken place

66
Q

What does the recognition schema consist of

A
  • Sensory consequences

- response outcome

67
Q

What is the sensory consequence schema used for

A

Uses senses to help guide the movement

68
Q

What is the response outcome used for

A

Schema and motor program can be updated by getting the knowledge of the result of the action

69
Q

What is response time

A

Reaction time + movement time

70
Q

Example of reaction time

A

Gen stimuli —> moving out of the blocks

71
Q

Example of movement time

A

Blocks —> finish of the race

72
Q

Does reaction time involve movement

A

No

73
Q

How can a coach encourage further use of a schema

A

Use reinforcement of praise

74
Q

What does hicks law state

A

Reaction time increases as the number of choices increases

75
Q

At how many stimuli does your reaction time plateau Hicks law

A

7

76
Q

What does the single channel hypothesis state

A

Only 1 stimuli can be processed at a time

77
Q

What is the psychological refractory period

A

A delay when a second stimuli is presented before the first has been processed

78
Q

What is an example of the psychological refractory period

A

In tennis you’re set for the volley but the ball hits the net and goes off in a different direction to what you were ready for

79
Q

How can you force a delay in their response

A

perform a dummy pass by using fake body language

80
Q

What are the 2 types of anticipation

A
  • Temporal anticipation

- spatial anticipation

81
Q

What is temporal anticipation

A

When it’s going to happen

82
Q

What is spatial anticipation

A

Where and what is going to happen

83
Q

What are the 5 ways to improve reaction time

A
  • Mental practice
  • train the specific stimulus
  • focus and concentrate
  • improve fitness
  • use anticipation (if appropriate)
84
Q

What type of fitness training could be used to improve reaction time

A

Plyometric and interval improves the speed and power of the movement

A level P.E Year 1 (31 decks)

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