Information processing 9.1 Flashcards
1
Q
What are the 5 senses
A
- kinesthesis
- auditory
- touch
- balance
- sight
2
Q
What are the 2 external senses
A
sight
auditory
3
Q
What are the 3 internal senses
A
kinesthesis
touch
balance
4
Q
What is selective attention
A
Filtering information from relevant and irrelevant information
5
Q
What’s the first stage of whitings model
A
input data from display
6
Q
What’s the second stage of whitings model
A
receptor systems
7
Q
What’s the third stage of whitings model
A
perceptual mechanism
8
Q
What’s the fourth stage of whitings model
A
translatory mechanism
9
Q
What’s the fifth stage of whitings model
A
effector mechanism
10
Q
What’s the sixth stage of whitings model
A
muscular system
11
Q
What’s the seventh stage of whitings model
A
output data
12
Q
what’s the eighth stage of whitings model
A
feedback data
13
Q
What’s the environment
A
contains the information needed to perform
14
Q
What’s the display
A
sporting information available from the environment
15
Q
What are the receptor systems
A
- sight
- sound
- balance
- touch
- kinesthesis
16
Q
What does perceptual mechanisms do
A
detects the host of information picked up by the receptors and filters it into relevant and irrelevant information
17
Q
What does the translatory mechanism do
A
compare relevant information to a past memory in the LTM
18
Q
What does the effector mechanism do
A
Sends coded impulse to muscles
19
Q
What does the muscular system do
A
picks up impulse and begins to contract
20
Q
What does the output data do
A
response beings action is complete
21
Q
What does the feedback data do
A
receive feedback in different forms
22
Q
What is an example of selective attention
A
Badminton player focusing on the cock rather than someone in the crowd
23
Q
What are the benefits of selective attention
A
It improves your reaction time
24
Q
How does selective attention improve your reaction time
A
Hicks law
25
What is Hicks law
The more stimuli there is to react to the longer your reaction time is
26
At what number of stimuli does Hicks law plateau at
7
27
Why can't you process to much information
Working memory has a limited capacity so too much info could affect the memory function
28
What is the effector mechanism and muscular output
Network of nerves
29
What are the 3 parts of the perceptual mechanism
- Detection
- Comparison
- Recognition
30
What does the detection stage mean in the perceptual mechanism
the performer has picked up relevant information and identified it as important
31
How did the performer detect the information in the perceptual mechanism
Using their senses
32
What does the comparison stage do in the perceptual mechanism
Matches relevant information to information already in the memory of the performer
33
What happens in the recognition stage of the perceptual mechanism
Used information from the memory to identify an appropriate response
34
When is it difficult to detect information
When it's: - not clear
- contains to much information
- disguised by the opposition
35
When did whiting make his information processing model
1969
36
What is whitings information processing model made up of
- input data
- receptor systems
- perceptual mechanisms
- translatory mechanisms
- effector mechanisms
- muscular system
- output data
- feedback data
37
What are the 4 things the working memory model is made up of
- Central executive
- phonological loop
- visuospatial sketchpad
- episodic buffer
38
What is the central executive's function
control center, sends information to the correct places of the brain
39
What is the phonological loops function
Deals with auditory information from the senses,
40
What 2 things does the phonological loop have to help produce a memory trace
- Phonological store
| - articulatory system
41
What is a memory trace
initial mental idea of the skill
42
What happens when a memory trace is sent to the long term memory
It triggers a motor program or images of parts of a skill
43
What 2 types of information does the visuospatial sketchpad contain
visual (sight)
| spatial (where)
44
What does the visuospatial sketchpad help process
The feel of the movement
45
What is the visuospatial sketch pad further divided into
- visual ache
| - inner scribe
46
What does the visual ache deal with
holds info about form and colour
47
What does the inner scribe deal with
Holds info about spatial and movement information
48
What is the episodic buffer's function
co-ordinating the work of the phonological loop and visuospatial sketchpad
49
What 3 things does the episodic buffer co-ordinate
- sight
- sound
- movements
50
Where does the episodic buffer send the sight, sound and movement information
Long term memory
51
What is the main part of the working memory that helps with motor programmes
Episodic buffer
52
What is the first job of the working memory model
To pick up relevant information from the environment
53
What do coaches use to make sure that the information is stored in the long term memory
- Rewards
- Association
- Breaking down the task
- making sure they focus
- repetition
- motor programmes
54
What types of rewards are there
- Extrinsic
| - Intrinsic
55
What is association
Linking the stored actions of a skill to a stored emotion or other action
56
What practice is good for remembering a trampoline routine
Mental practice
57
How does breaking down the task help you remember the skill
It prevents information overload
58
What is chunking
Breaking the skill action into parts or sub-routines
59
How does focusing on the task help you remember the information
Selective attention is more efficient so the correct information goes into the STM and then LTM
60
How does repeating an action help you remember it
The skill becomes coded and stored as a motor programme
61
What is a schema
Core principles can be take from an existing motor program and the adapted using info from environment and senses
62
What are the 4 parameters of a schema
- Initial conditions
- Response specifications
- Sensory consequences
- Response outcome
63
What is the "initial conditions" of a schema
info from the sporting environment that must be recognised before the schema can be used
64
What is the "response specifications" of a schema
Info from the environment is used to access the available options open to the performer
65
What is the recall schema responsible for
initiating the movement that happens before the action has taken place
66
What does the recognition schema consist of
- Sensory consequences
| - response outcome
67
What is the sensory consequence schema used for
Uses senses to help guide the movement
68
What is the response outcome used for
Schema and motor program can be updated by getting the knowledge of the result of the action
69
What is response time
Reaction time + movement time
70
Example of reaction time
Gen stimuli ---> moving out of the blocks
71
Example of movement time
Blocks ---> finish of the race
72
Does reaction time involve movement
No
73
How can a coach encourage further use of a schema
Use reinforcement of praise
74
What does hicks law state
Reaction time increases as the number of choices increases
75
At how many stimuli does your reaction time plateau Hicks law
7
76
What does the single channel hypothesis state
Only 1 stimuli can be processed at a time
77
What is the psychological refractory period
A delay when a second stimuli is presented before the first has been processed
78
What is an example of the psychological refractory period
In tennis you're set for the volley but the ball hits the net and goes off in a different direction to what you were ready for
79
How can you force a delay in their response
perform a dummy pass by using fake body language
80
What are the 2 types of anticipation
- Temporal anticipation
| - spatial anticipation
81
What is temporal anticipation
When it's going to happen
82
What is spatial anticipation
Where and what is going to happen
83
What are the 5 ways to improve reaction time
- Mental practice
- train the specific stimulus
- focus and concentrate
- improve fitness
- use anticipation (if appropriate)
84
What type of fitness training could be used to improve reaction time
Plyometric and interval improves the speed and power of the movement
