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A level P.E Year 1 > Biomechanical principles and levers 5.1 > Flashcards

Biomechanical principles and levers 5.1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is linear motion

A

Motion in a straight or curved line, all body parts moving in the same distance and speed in the same direction

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2
Q

What’s an example of linear motion in a curved line

A

200M sprint

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3
Q

What’s an example of linear motion in a straight line

A

100M sprint

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4
Q

What is inertia

A

The resistance an object has to a change in its state of motion

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5
Q

What causes an object to change velocity

A

Another force exerted on the original velocity

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6
Q

If the mass is larger will the inertia be greater or smaller

A

Larger the inertia

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7
Q

What does having a larger inertia mean

A

More force is needed to change it’s state of motion

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8
Q

2 players weighting in at 120KG and 75KG which one would stop faster

A

75KG player

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9
Q

What does newtons first law state

A

Everyone continues in its state of rest or motion in a straight line, unless compelled to change that state by external forces exerted upon it

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10
Q

What is a sporting example of newtons first law

A

high jump, they change their state of motion when taking off

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11
Q

What does newtons 2nd law state

A

The rate of momentum of a body is proportional to the force causing it and the change that takes place in the direction in which the force acts

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12
Q

In newtons 2nd law what is acceleration directly proportional to

A

the force causing the change

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13
Q

What is the equation of force (newtons 2nd Law)

A

Force= Mass X acceleration

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14
Q

What does newtons third law state

A

To every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

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15
Q

Give an example of newtons 3rd law

A

sprinter pushes off the black (action) and the block pushes back on sprinter (reaction)

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16
Q

What is ground reaction force (GRF) in newtons third law

A

the force exerted on the ground by the body in contact with it

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17
Q

What force does an individual have on the ground

A

contact force

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18
Q

What is linear motion measured in

A

Scalar quantities

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19
Q

What are examples of linear motion

A
  • Speed

- Distance

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20
Q

What does scalar quantities not take into account

A

Direction

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21
Q

How do you calculate speed

A

Distance/Time

22
Q

What is centre of mass

A

Point of balance

23
Q

What can raise the centre of mass in the human body

A

Raising your arms

24
Q

In general where is the centre of mass

A

Around the hip area

25
Q

What can cause the general centre of mass to differ

A

Gender

26
Q

What are the reasons that gender can cause the centre of mass to change

A

Males: more weight around the shoulders

Females more weight around the hips

27
Q

What must be considered to increase your stability

A
  • Height of the centre of mass
  • Position of the line of gravity
  • Area of the support base
  • Mass of the performer
28
Q

In a lower or higher centre of mass better for stability

A

Lower

29
Q

Sporting example of sports that use a lower centre of mass

A

Rugby, Judo, wrestling

30
Q

What happens if the sprinters mass is over the edge of the area of support

A

you’ll start to over balance

31
Q

What’s a sporting example when the centre of mass is over the edge of the area of support

A

sprinter in a set position

32
Q

how does having the centre of mass over the edge of the area of support aid the performers performance

A

Allows athlete to fall forward and will create momentum for speed to leave the block ASAP

33
Q

Why is the Fosbury flop in high jump a good technique to use

A

performer doesn’t have to lift their centre of mass a great distance

34
Q

Why is the scissor kick less beneficial to the performer

A

their centre of mass will remain in the body and therefore has to be lifted over the bar

35
Q

What are the 3 parts of a lever

A

Pivot (fulcrum)
Load (resistance)
effort (source of energy)

36
Q

What does the skeleton form

A

System of levers

37
Q

What do joints form

A

Fulcrums

38
Q

What do muscles form

A

Effort

39
Q

What is the resistance or load

A

The weight of the body part being moved

40
Q

How many types of levers are there

A

3 types

41
Q

What is the layout of the first class lever

A

effort (arrow pointing down)
fulcrum in the middle
resistance (Arrow pointing down)

42
Q

What is the layout of the second class lever

A
  • fulcrum on the left
  • Resistance on the middle (arrow pointing down)
  • effort on the right (arrow pointing up)
43
Q

What is the layout of the third class lever

A

Fulcrum on the left
effort in the middle (arrow pointing up)
resistance on the right (arrow pointing down)

44
Q

What is an example of a first class lever

A

flexion and extension

45
Q

What is an example of a second class lever

A

plantar flexion of the ankle

46
Q

What is an example of a third class lever

A

hip, knee and elbow flexion

47
Q

What is mechanical advantage

A

Where the force arm is longer than the resistance arm

48
Q

What is mechanical disadvantage

A

where the resistance arm is longer than the force arm

49
Q

What are the mechanical advantages of a 2nd class lever

A

generate larger forces

has to lift the whole body weight

50
Q

What are the mechanical disadvantages of a 2nd class lever

A

slow with a limited range of movement

51
Q

What are the mechanical advantages of a first and third class lever

A

large range of movement and any resistance can be moved quickly

52
Q

What are the mechanical disadvantages of a first and third class lever

A

cannot apply much force to move an object

A level P.E Year 1 (31 decks)

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