Biomechanical principles and levers 5.1

Question 1

What is linear motion

Answer 1

Motion in a straight or curved line, all body parts moving in the same distance and speed in the same direction

Question 2

What’s an example of linear motion in a curved line

Answer 2

200M sprint

Question 3

What’s an example of linear motion in a straight line

Answer 3

100M sprint

Question 4

What is inertia

Answer 4

The resistance an object has to a change in its state of motion

Question 5

What causes an object to change velocity

Answer 5

Another force exerted on the original velocity

Question 6

If the mass is larger will the inertia be greater or smaller

Answer 6

Larger the inertia

Question 7

What does having a larger inertia mean

Answer 7

More force is needed to change it’s state of motion

Question 8

2 players weighting in at 120KG and 75KG which one would stop faster

Answer 8

75KG player

Question 9

What does newtons first law state

Answer 9

Everyone continues in its state of rest or motion in a straight line, unless compelled to change that state by external forces exerted upon it

Question 10

What is a sporting example of newtons first law

Answer 10

high jump, they change their state of motion when taking off

Question 11

What does newtons 2nd law state

Answer 11

The rate of momentum of a body is proportional to the force causing it and the change that takes place in the direction in which the force acts

Question 12

In newtons 2nd law what is acceleration directly proportional to

Answer 12

the force causing the change

Question 13

What is the equation of force (newtons 2nd Law)

Answer 13

Force= Mass X acceleration

Question 14

What does newtons third law state

Answer 14

To every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

Question 15

Give an example of newtons 3rd law

Answer 15

sprinter pushes off the black (action) and the block pushes back on sprinter (reaction)

Question 16

What is ground reaction force (GRF) in newtons third law

Answer 16

the force exerted on the ground by the body in contact with it

Question 17

What force does an individual have on the ground

Answer 17

contact force

Question 18

What is linear motion measured in

Answer 18

Scalar quantities

Question 19

What are examples of linear motion

Answer 19

• Speed

- Distance

Question 20

What does scalar quantities not take into account

Answer 20

Direction

Question 21

How do you calculate speed

Answer 21

Distance/Time

Question 22

What is centre of mass

Answer 22

Point of balance

Question 23

What can raise the centre of mass in the human body

Answer 23

Raising your arms

Question 24

In general where is the centre of mass

Answer 24

Around the hip area

Question 25

What can cause the general centre of mass to differ

Answer 25

Gender

Question 26

What are the reasons that gender can cause the centre of mass to change

Answer 26

Males: more weight around the shoulders | Females more weight around the hips

Question 27

What must be considered to increase your stability

Answer 27

- Height of the centre of mass - Position of the line of gravity - Area of the support base - Mass of the performer

Question 28

In a lower or higher centre of mass better for stability

Answer 28

Lower

Question 29

Sporting example of sports that use a lower centre of mass

Answer 29

Rugby, Judo, wrestling

Question 30

What happens if the sprinters mass is over the edge of the area of support

Answer 30

you'll start to over balance

Question 31

What's a sporting example when the centre of mass is over the edge of the area of support

Answer 31

sprinter in a set position

Question 32

how does having the centre of mass over the edge of the area of support aid the performers performance

Answer 32

Allows athlete to fall forward and will create momentum for speed to leave the block ASAP

Question 33

Why is the Fosbury flop in high jump a good technique to use

Answer 33

performer doesn't have to lift their centre of mass a great distance

Question 34

Why is the scissor kick less beneficial to the performer

Answer 34

their centre of mass will remain in the body and therefore has to be lifted over the bar

Question 35

What are the 3 parts of a lever

Answer 35

Pivot (fulcrum) Load (resistance) effort (source of energy)

Question 36

What does the skeleton form

Answer 36

System of levers

Question 37

What do joints form

Answer 37

Fulcrums

Question 38

What do muscles form

Answer 38

Effort

Question 39

What is the resistance or load

Answer 39

The weight of the body part being moved

Question 40

How many types of levers are there

Answer 40

3 types

Question 41

What is the layout of the first class lever

Answer 41

effort (arrow pointing down) fulcrum in the middle resistance (Arrow pointing down)

Question 42

What is the layout of the second class lever

Answer 42

- fulcrum on the left - Resistance on the middle (arrow pointing down) - effort on the right (arrow pointing up)

Question 43

What is the layout of the third class lever

Answer 43

Fulcrum on the left effort in the middle (arrow pointing up) resistance on the right (arrow pointing down)

Question 44

What is an example of a first class lever

Answer 44

flexion and extension

Question 45

What is an example of a second class lever

Answer 45

plantar flexion of the ankle

Question 46

What is an example of a third class lever

Answer 46

hip, knee and elbow flexion

Question 47

What is mechanical advantage

Answer 47

Where the force arm is longer than the resistance arm

Question 48

What is mechanical disadvantage

Answer 48

where the resistance arm is longer than the force arm

Question 49

What are the mechanical advantages of a 2nd class lever

Answer 49

generate larger forces | has to lift the whole body weight

Question 50

What are the mechanical disadvantages of a 2nd class lever

Answer 50

slow with a limited range of movement

Question 51

What are the mechanical advantages of a first and third class lever

Answer 51

large range of movement and any resistance can be moved quickly

Question 52

What are the mechanical disadvantages of a first and third class lever

Answer 52

cannot apply much force to move an object