Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A level P.E Year 1 > Principles and theories of learning and performance 2.2 > Flashcards

Principles and theories of learning and performance 2.2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 stages of learning

A
  • Cognitive stage
  • Associative stage
  • Autonomous stage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What stage of leaning is this: No motor programme, un-coordinated movement

A

Cognitive stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What stage of leaning is this: Motor programme forming, Smoother movement

A

Associative stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What stage of leaning is this: motor programme formed, automatic control, detail

A

Autonomous stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What feedback would a Cognitive performer receive

A
  • Extrinsic
  • Positive
  • Knowledge of performance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is learning

A

A permanent change in behavior as a result of practice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is performance

A

A temporary occurrence that can change from time to time because of many external and internal influences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What feedback would a Associative performer receive

A
  • Negative
  • Extrinsic
  • Intrinsic
  • Knowledge of performance
  • Knowledge of results
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What feedback would a Autonomous performer receive

A
  • Negative
  • Intrinsic
  • Knowledge of results
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a plateau

A

Period of no improvement in performance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the causes of a plateau

A
  • Lack of motivation
  • boredom
  • coaching
  • limit of ability
  • targets set too low
  • fatigue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What can cause lack of motivation

A

Lack of incentives or extrinsic rewards may cause the performer to lose drive and energy for the task

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What causes boredom

A

The repetitive nature of a closed skill

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does coaching cause a plateau

A

Give incorrect instructions or use incorrect practice methods so the skill isn’t done correctly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does limit of ability cause a plateau

A

The play has peaked and can’t improve any further

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does having a low target cause a plateau

A

Doesn’t allow performer to use the full range of their skills

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How does fatigue cause a plateau

A

A continuous action over a long period of time would result in fatigue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How can you avoid too low of target

A

Give performer new challenges with different goals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How can you avoid a plateau from a coach

A

Find a new coach that uses more positive reinforcement and praise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How can you avoid Fatigue

A

Take a rest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How can you avoid boredom

A

More variety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How can you avoid lack of motivation

A

Give positive feedback to increase motivation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the 4 different types of guidance

A
  • Visual
  • verbal
  • mechanical
  • manual
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is visual guidance

A

Guidance that can be seen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is verbal guidance

A

Using words to explain a task

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is manual guidance

A

Physically supporting a performer during a movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is mechanical guidance

A

Using artificial aids to help a performance

28
Q

What is negative reinforcement

A

Taking away an unpleasant stimulus after the correct response

29
Q

What is punishment

A

An unpleasant stimulus to prevent incorrect actions recurring

30
Q

What is positive reinforcement

A

A pleasant stimulus after the correct response

31
Q

What is an annoyer

A

An action that creates unease to promote the avoidance of incorrect responses

32
Q

What is a satisfier

A

An action that promotes a pleasant feeling so that responses are repeated

33
Q

What is operant conditioning

A

The use of reinforcement to ensure that correct responses are repeated

34
Q

What level performer is likely to use visual guidance

A

beginner

35
Q

What are the advantages of visual guidance

A

good at highlighting specific weaknesses
creates a ,mental image
nearly always used with verbal guidance

36
Q

What are the disadvantages of visual guidance

A

has to be completely accurate

confuse performer if to much info is given

37
Q

What level performer is likely to use verbal guidance

A

Experienced performer

38
Q

What are the disadvantages with verbal guidance

A
  • to much info can cause confusion
  • to much info can out to much demand on the memory system
  • Performer may lose concentration
39
Q

What performer would use manual guidance

A

beginner

40
Q

Advantages of manual guidance

A
  • eliminates danger
  • build confidence
  • reduces fear and anxiety
41
Q

Disadvantages of Manual guidance

A
  • detrimental effect if over used
  • can build to much reliance on the support
  • Develop bad habits
  • Being to close to the performer can put them off
42
Q

What performer would use mechanical guidance

A

Any level, used when trying something new and dangerous

43
Q

Advantages of mechanical guidance

A
  • Builds confidence when task completed
  • eliminates danger
  • early feel of whole skill
  • used with disabled athletes
44
Q

Disadvantages of mechanical guidance

A
  • Can become to reliant if over used
  • interfere with the feel of the task
  • lose motivation if performer thinks the skill isn’t being done independently
45
Q

What does the behaviorists theory explain

A

How actions can be linked to stimuli

46
Q

What are the 3 features is operant conditioning characterised by

A
  • Trial and error
  • shapes behavior
  • manipulates the environment
47
Q

What principle does operant conditioning work on

A

reinforcement actions are strengthened and that incorrect actions are weakened

48
Q

During trial and error how can you get the actions to be more like to be repeated

A

If you reward the successful actions

49
Q

How can you avoid incorrect actions

A

give them an annoyer

50
Q

What does the S-R bond stand for

A

Stimuli response

51
Q

What is the difference between punishment and negative reinforcement

A
  • Punishment is giving the performer something unpleasant so the Acton isn’t repeated
  • negative reinforcement is the withdrawal of criticism
52
Q

What are the 4 stages of Bandura’s model

A

1 attention
2 retention
3 motor production
4 motivation

53
Q

What is attention (bandura)

A

Making the demonstration attractive to the performer therefore more memorable

54
Q

What is retention (bandura)

A

Remembering the demonstration and being able to recall it

55
Q

What is motor production (bandura)

A

Having the mental and physical and mental ability to do the task (same level of ability as the performer)

56
Q

What is motivation (bandura)

A

Having the drive to do the task (give them motivation)

57
Q

How long should a performer wait before trying the technique after they’re seen it

A

Straight away as it’s fresh in their mind

58
Q

How is the model demonstration more likely to be copied

A
  • Performed by a player with similar ability
  • Reinforced
  • Powerful (visually and physically)
  • consistent
  • relevant
59
Q

What is intra-psychological learning

A

Learning from within after gaining external knowledge from others

60
Q

What is zone of proximal development

A

The next stage of learning based of the performers current level

61
Q

What is constructivism (Vygoysky)

A

Building up learning in stages based on the current level of performance

62
Q

What are the 3 stages of proximal development

A

What can i do alone
What can i do with help
What can i not yet do

63
Q

What is insight learning

A

Using experience and understanding to solve problems relating to the while skill

64
Q

What was the Gestaltist theories

A

Insight learning

65
Q

What’s social development

A

Learning by association with others

66
Q

What is inter-psychological learning

A

Learning from others externally

A level P.E Year 1 (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions