emergence of the globalisation of sport in the 21st century 3.1 Flashcards
How many classes where there before the industrial revolution
2 classes
What was the system called that your class was based upon
A feudal system
What is a Feudal system
A way of structuring society around a relationship derived from the holding of land in exchange for service or labour
Why didn’t the lower class have much free time
They worked most of the day
How far did people go to work and why
Couldn’t travel far, work was local in the countryside
What was the norm for the lower class
Cruel/Violent existences
How educated was the lower class
Widespread illiteracy so not very educated
What were some of the barriers for participation in sport
- Lack of time
- no equipment
- not enough people
How did limited transport effect sport
- No “away” games
- sport was “localised”
How did Illiteracy effect sport
No rules/Structure
How does living in a harsh society effect participation in sport
Games ended up becoming violent
When did lower class have time to participate in sport
When it was a festival occasion ie: boxing day etc…
What were the characteristics of “mob football”
- violent
- played anywhere
- unlimited players
- male dominated
- lower class game
- No skill
- not many rules
Why did “mob football” get banned?
- Death
- damage to property
- unruly and violent nature
- gambling/ wagering was rife
- Heavily linked with alcohol consumption and drunken behaviour
What were the characteristics of “real tennis”
Complex rules -played by upper class -high moral code: mutual respect no violence played civilly
Who competed in athletics in 1780
The footmen used to compete as messengers
Where would the footmen compete and what did the upper class do
Compete across open land and the upper class would bet on the distance the footmen would cover
Who organised the athletics
Patrons would arrange the competitions and the runners would get prize money
What sports were played at the “much wenlock Olympian games”
Running, hurdles, football and cycling
When did the footmen compete in the games
During a festival occasion
What does “WARS” stand for
- Wenlock
- Agricultural
- Reading
- Society
Why would the lower class compete in the ““much wenlock Olympian games”
Promoting physical moral and intellectual improvements
What did Dr William penny Brookes inspire
He inspired the modern Olympic games and he got his inspiration from The “much wenlock Olympian games”
What happened in 1860 between WARS and wenlock Olympian class
They split up
What did visiting the games inspire Baron Pierre de coubertin to do
Reform the modern Olympic games in Athens in 1896
What is urbanisation
Development of cities caused by movement of working population from rural areas to towns
Characteristics of popular recreation
- Few rules
- heavily relied on physique not a lot of skill
- Played on Christmas Easter etc…
- violent
- local
Who was the driving force behind the Much Wenlock Olympian Games
Dr William Penny Brookes
What was the purpose of the Much Wenlock Olympian games
To develop the lower classes mental and physical well being
Define agricultural
doing labour manually
Define rural
countryside not a dense population
Define machine based
dependant on machines to do all the work
Define urban
In a city densely populated
Why was there no space available for traditional mob games in the industrial revolution
Factories and houses have been built meaning no space and migration
why was there no time for sport in the industrial revolution
People have very long hours
Why did they create criminal laws to prevent violence in the industrial revolution
To stop the killing, also people couldn’t work when injured so it wasn’t good for the economy
Why did poor health increase in the industrial revolution
pollution and not much exercise
How did health and hygiene improvements increase participation in sport
- Access to clean H2O
- More energy/willingness to play sport
How did increase in wages increase participation in sport
People are able to afford to play
How did they make more time for sport in the industrial revolution
- Regulated working hours with paid holidays and bank holidays
- structured times to play/watch
How did ex-public school boys increase participation in sport
Promoted sport in workplace, church and British empire
How did factory owners increase participation in sport
Encouraged and supported participation
set up teams and facilities
How did transport improvements increase participation in sport
- Communicate to organise fixtures
- travel became cheaper
- travel further to play sports
- leagues established
How did lack of space contribute to the development of sport
Purposely built facilities to play sport
How did large working class population contribute to the development of sport
Larger variety of people to play sport leading to more teams
How did loss of traditional sports contribute to the development of sport
lead to modern sports as society needed a sport to play
How did change in working conditions contribute to the development of sport
Allowed them to have more energy to play sport
How did the church promote sports
- created Sunday league
- rational recreation
- provided facilities
- established youth sections
Why did the church promote sports
- Maintain social control
- less time spent drinking & betting
- promoted muscular Christianity
- encouraged christian values
- attract attention to the church
- reduce immoral behaviour
3 examples of national governing bodies
FA - football
LTA - tennis
RFU - rugby
Which sport did we introduce Jamaica and India to
Cricket
What sport did we introduce Fiji to
Rugby
What sport did we introduce Hong Kong to
Polo
What sport did we introduce Tonga to
Netball
Why did national governing bodies form in the 19th century
- More leagues required
- more fixtures required
- rules required
- different public schools played different versions
Characters of a working class professional
- Poor
- little time, always working
- Low status
- takes bribes
What is rational recreation
sports for the lower class which were designed by the middle class.
What was Dr William Penny Brookes the founder of
The Wenlock Olympian Games
When did Dr William Penny Brookes become the founder of the Wenlock Olympian Games
1850
When was there rational recreation
19th century
what was the design of the games like for rational recreation
- well ordered
- organised
- controlled
What were the initial negative effects of the industrial revolution
- Lack of leisure time
- Lack of income
- Poor health
- Loss of rights
- A lack of public provision
What were the working hours in the industrial revolution
12 hour days 6 days a week
What day did people get off in the industrial revolution
Sunday for religious reasons
What is an Acronym for the negative effects of the industrial revolution
- H
- I
- T
- F
- O
- R
What started happening in the 2nd half of the industrial revolution
improvements to working conditions
What were the main positive effects of the industrial revolution (2nd half)
- Improved health
- Increased income
- Patronage
- Better transport
Why was there poor health in the industrial revolution
- poor working and living conditions
- pollution
- lack of hygiene
How did loss of rights affect sport
Banned Mob football by changing criminal laws
When was pre Industrial Britain
18th century
What prevented the growth of sport in the 18th century
Limited communication and transport prevented the growth of sport
When was popular recreation
18th century
What is popular recreation
Traditional games played on festival days in villages
When was post industrialisation
19th century
When was Public schools founded
19th century
When was Rational recreation
19th century
When did P.E become compulsory
1870
When was Standardisation
19th century
When was Rational recreation (later)
19th century
When was the Boar War
1899
What happened during post industrialisation
Improved communication and transport systems
What was a public school
Upper class boys payed their education and boarded
What is rational recreation
Structured games played by anyone with set boundaries and rules and officials
What is standardisation
Rules and regulations were written down, so anyone could play
What did they say the reason was for the loss of life in the Boar War
Lack of fitness
What happened in 1902
The model course
What happened in 1904
Physical training syllabus
What happened in 1909
Pt syllabus
What happened in 1919 (2 events)
- WW1
- Therapeutic gymnastics
What happened in 1933
Syllabus of physical training
What happened in 1937-40
WW2
What happened in 1952
Moving and Growing
What happened in 1954
Planning the Programme
What happened in 1990s
national Curriculum for PE
What is the model course
fitness with weapons and strict discipline
Who created the model course
Military instructors
How many tables needed to be followed for the physical training syllabus
109 exercise tables
How many lessons did they have per week for the Physical training syllabus and how long
3x 20 min lessons per week
What happened to the Physical training syllabus in 1909
71 exercise tables and games were introduced
How did the loss of male life in WW1 benefit women
Took over male roles started teaching in schools
How were Therapeutic gymnastics played
Emphasis on health and enjoyment
How was the Physical training altered in 1933
Aimed at developing physical social skills as well as developing problem solving and decision making
How did WW2 affect PE
Buildings were destroyed when rebuild apparatus were installed
What were the 6 initial negative effects of the industrial revolution in the first half of the revolution
- migration of the lower classes into urban areas
- Lack of leisure time
- Lack of income
- Poor health
- Loss of rights
- A lack of public provision
What effect does lack of public provision have on sport (industrial revolution)
No access to private facilities or no personal equipment for the lower classes
What effect does Loss of rights have on sport (industrial revolution)
restrictions were placed on mob games and blood sports by changes in criminal laws
What effect does poor health have on sport (industrial revolution)
Along with poor working and living conditions that led to pollution, lack of hygiene and little energy to play sport
What effect does lack of income have on sport (industrial revolution)
Low wages and poverty with little income for leisure pursuits
What effect does migration of the lower classes into urban areas have on sport (industrial revolution)
Looking for work in new factories meaning less space for traditional mob games
What is a memory tool to remember the 6 negative effects of the industrial revolution
HITFOR
What are the 4 main positive effects of industrialisation
- Improved health
- Increased income
- Patronage
- Better transport
How is cheaper travel a benefit to sport
participation and spectating of sport became more accessible
How is improvements to transport and communication a benefit to sport
Fixtures and results could be published on time
What was developed to improve transport and communication
development of roads and steam trains
What is industrial patronage
factory owners provide support to participate in sports
What is a benefit of industrial patronage
- Factory teams were set up
- facilities were provided
How is health and hygiene improvements a benefit to sport
more energy/ willingness to participate in sport
What was improved to help with health and hygiene issues
Living conditions and local council provision
What key features of urbanisation contributed to the development of sport in this period
- Lack of space
- Large working class populations
- loss of traditional sports
- Change in working conditions
What are the 4 ways railroads have contributed to the development of sport
- Movement of teams/ spectators
- Improved access to different parts of the country
- Cheaper train travel
- Improved access to the countryside
