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A level P.E Year 1 > emergence of the globalisation of sport in the 21st century 3.1 > Flashcards

emergence of the globalisation of sport in the 21st century 3.1 Flashcards

1
Q

How many classes where there before the industrial revolution

A

2 classes

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2
Q

What was the system called that your class was based upon

A

A feudal system

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3
Q

What is a Feudal system

A

A way of structuring society around a relationship derived from the holding of land in exchange for service or labour

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4
Q

Why didn’t the lower class have much free time

A

They worked most of the day

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5
Q

How far did people go to work and why

A

Couldn’t travel far, work was local in the countryside

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6
Q

What was the norm for the lower class

A

Cruel/Violent existences

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7
Q

How educated was the lower class

A

Widespread illiteracy so not very educated

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8
Q

What were some of the barriers for participation in sport

A
  • Lack of time
  • no equipment
  • not enough people
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9
Q

How did limited transport effect sport

A
  • No “away” games

- sport was “localised”

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10
Q

How did Illiteracy effect sport

A

No rules/Structure

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11
Q

How does living in a harsh society effect participation in sport

A

Games ended up becoming violent

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12
Q

When did lower class have time to participate in sport

A

When it was a festival occasion ie: boxing day etc…

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13
Q

What were the characteristics of “mob football”

A
  • violent
  • played anywhere
  • unlimited players
  • male dominated
  • lower class game
  • No skill
  • not many rules
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14
Q

Why did “mob football” get banned?

A
  • Death
  • damage to property
  • unruly and violent nature
  • gambling/ wagering was rife
  • Heavily linked with alcohol consumption and drunken behaviour
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15
Q

What were the characteristics of “real tennis”

A 
Complex rules
-played by upper class
-high moral code:
mutual respect 
no violence 
played civilly
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16
Q

Who competed in athletics in 1780

A

The footmen used to compete as messengers

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17
Q

Where would the footmen compete and what did the upper class do

A

Compete across open land and the upper class would bet on the distance the footmen would cover

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18
Q

Who organised the athletics

A

Patrons would arrange the competitions and the runners would get prize money

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19
Q

What sports were played at the “much wenlock Olympian games”

A

Running, hurdles, football and cycling

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20
Q

When did the footmen compete in the games

A

During a festival occasion

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21
Q

What does “WARS” stand for

A
  • Wenlock
  • Agricultural
  • Reading
  • Society
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22
Q

Why would the lower class compete in the ““much wenlock Olympian games”

A

Promoting physical moral and intellectual improvements

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23
Q

What did Dr William penny Brookes inspire

A

He inspired the modern Olympic games and he got his inspiration from The “much wenlock Olympian games”

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24
Q

What happened in 1860 between WARS and wenlock Olympian class

A

They split up

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25
Q

What did visiting the games inspire Baron Pierre de coubertin to do

A

Reform the modern Olympic games in Athens in 1896

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26
Q

What is urbanisation

A

Development of cities caused by movement of working population from rural areas to towns

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27
Q

Characteristics of popular recreation

A
  • Few rules
  • heavily relied on physique not a lot of skill
  • Played on Christmas Easter etc…
  • violent
  • local
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28
Q

Who was the driving force behind the Much Wenlock Olympian Games

A

Dr William Penny Brookes

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29
Q

What was the purpose of the Much Wenlock Olympian games

A

To develop the lower classes mental and physical well being

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30
Q

Define agricultural

A

doing labour manually

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31
Q

Define rural

A

countryside not a dense population

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32
Q

Define machine based

A

dependant on machines to do all the work

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33
Q

Define urban

A

In a city densely populated

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34
Q

Why was there no space available for traditional mob games in the industrial revolution

A

Factories and houses have been built meaning no space and migration

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35
Q

why was there no time for sport in the industrial revolution

A

People have very long hours

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36
Q

Why did they create criminal laws to prevent violence in the industrial revolution

A

To stop the killing, also people couldn’t work when injured so it wasn’t good for the economy

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37
Q

Why did poor health increase in the industrial revolution

A

pollution and not much exercise

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38
Q

How did health and hygiene improvements increase participation in sport

A
  • Access to clean H2O

- More energy/willingness to play sport

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39
Q

How did increase in wages increase participation in sport

A

People are able to afford to play

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40
Q

How did they make more time for sport in the industrial revolution

A
  • Regulated working hours with paid holidays and bank holidays
  • structured times to play/watch
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41
Q

How did ex-public school boys increase participation in sport

A

Promoted sport in workplace, church and British empire

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42
Q

How did factory owners increase participation in sport

A

Encouraged and supported participation

set up teams and facilities

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43
Q

How did transport improvements increase participation in sport

A
  • Communicate to organise fixtures
  • travel became cheaper
  • travel further to play sports
  • leagues established
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44
Q

How did lack of space contribute to the development of sport

A

Purposely built facilities to play sport

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45
Q

How did large working class population contribute to the development of sport

A

Larger variety of people to play sport leading to more teams

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46
Q

How did loss of traditional sports contribute to the development of sport

A

lead to modern sports as society needed a sport to play

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47
Q

How did change in working conditions contribute to the development of sport

A

Allowed them to have more energy to play sport

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48
Q

How did the church promote sports

A
  • created Sunday league
  • rational recreation
  • provided facilities
  • established youth sections
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49
Q

Why did the church promote sports

A
  • Maintain social control
  • less time spent drinking & betting
  • promoted muscular Christianity
  • encouraged christian values
  • attract attention to the church
  • reduce immoral behaviour
50
Q

3 examples of national governing bodies

A

FA - football
LTA - tennis
RFU - rugby

51
Q

Which sport did we introduce Jamaica and India to

A

Cricket

52
Q

What sport did we introduce Fiji to

A

Rugby

53
Q

What sport did we introduce Hong Kong to

A

Polo

54
Q

What sport did we introduce Tonga to

A

Netball

55
Q

Why did national governing bodies form in the 19th century

A
  • More leagues required
  • more fixtures required
  • rules required
  • different public schools played different versions
56
Q

Characters of a working class professional

A
  • Poor
  • little time, always working
  • Low status
  • takes bribes
57
Q

What is rational recreation

A

sports for the lower class which were designed by the middle class.

58
Q

What was Dr William Penny Brookes the founder of

A

The Wenlock Olympian Games

59
Q

When did Dr William Penny Brookes become the founder of the Wenlock Olympian Games

A

1850

60
Q

When was there rational recreation

A

19th century

61
Q

what was the design of the games like for rational recreation

A
  • well ordered
  • organised
  • controlled
62
Q

What were the initial negative effects of the industrial revolution

A
  • Lack of leisure time
  • Lack of income
  • Poor health
  • Loss of rights
  • A lack of public provision
63
Q

What were the working hours in the industrial revolution

A

12 hour days 6 days a week

64
Q

What day did people get off in the industrial revolution

A

Sunday for religious reasons

65
Q

What is an Acronym for the negative effects of the industrial revolution

A
  • H
  • I
  • T
  • F
  • O
  • R
66
Q

What started happening in the 2nd half of the industrial revolution

A

improvements to working conditions

67
Q

What were the main positive effects of the industrial revolution (2nd half)

A
  • Improved health
  • Increased income
  • Patronage
  • Better transport
68
Q

Why was there poor health in the industrial revolution

A
  • poor working and living conditions
  • pollution
  • lack of hygiene
69
Q

How did loss of rights affect sport

A

Banned Mob football by changing criminal laws

70
Q

When was pre Industrial Britain

A

18th century

71
Q

What prevented the growth of sport in the 18th century

A

Limited communication and transport prevented the growth of sport

72
Q

When was popular recreation

A

18th century

73
Q

What is popular recreation

A

Traditional games played on festival days in villages

74
Q

When was post industrialisation

A

19th century

75
Q

When was Public schools founded

A

19th century

76
Q

When was Rational recreation

A

19th century

77
Q

When did P.E become compulsory

A

1870

78
Q

When was Standardisation

A

19th century

79
Q

When was Rational recreation (later)

A

19th century

80
Q

When was the Boar War

A

1899

81
Q

What happened during post industrialisation

A

Improved communication and transport systems

82
Q

What was a public school

A

Upper class boys payed their education and boarded

83
Q

What is rational recreation

A

Structured games played by anyone with set boundaries and rules and officials

84
Q

What is standardisation

A

Rules and regulations were written down, so anyone could play

85
Q

What did they say the reason was for the loss of life in the Boar War

A

Lack of fitness

86
Q

What happened in 1902

A

The model course

87
Q

What happened in 1904

A

Physical training syllabus

88
Q

What happened in 1909

A

Pt syllabus

89
Q

What happened in 1919 (2 events)

A
  • WW1

- Therapeutic gymnastics

90
Q

What happened in 1933

A

Syllabus of physical training

91
Q

What happened in 1937-40

A

WW2

92
Q

What happened in 1952

A

Moving and Growing

93
Q

What happened in 1954

A

Planning the Programme

94
Q

What happened in 1990s

A

national Curriculum for PE

95
Q

What is the model course

A

fitness with weapons and strict discipline

96
Q

Who created the model course

A

Military instructors

97
Q

How many tables needed to be followed for the physical training syllabus

A

109 exercise tables

98
Q

How many lessons did they have per week for the Physical training syllabus and how long

A

3x 20 min lessons per week

99
Q

What happened to the Physical training syllabus in 1909

A

71 exercise tables and games were introduced

100
Q

How did the loss of male life in WW1 benefit women

A

Took over male roles started teaching in schools

101
Q

How were Therapeutic gymnastics played

A

Emphasis on health and enjoyment

102
Q

How was the Physical training altered in 1933

A

Aimed at developing physical social skills as well as developing problem solving and decision making

103
Q

How did WW2 affect PE

A

Buildings were destroyed when rebuild apparatus were installed

104
Q

What were the 6 initial negative effects of the industrial revolution in the first half of the revolution

A
  • migration of the lower classes into urban areas
  • Lack of leisure time
  • Lack of income
  • Poor health
  • Loss of rights
  • A lack of public provision
105
Q

What effect does lack of public provision have on sport (industrial revolution)

A

No access to private facilities or no personal equipment for the lower classes

106
Q

What effect does Loss of rights have on sport (industrial revolution)

A

restrictions were placed on mob games and blood sports by changes in criminal laws

107
Q

What effect does poor health have on sport (industrial revolution)

A

Along with poor working and living conditions that led to pollution, lack of hygiene and little energy to play sport

108
Q

What effect does lack of income have on sport (industrial revolution)

A

Low wages and poverty with little income for leisure pursuits

109
Q

What effect does migration of the lower classes into urban areas have on sport (industrial revolution)

A

Looking for work in new factories meaning less space for traditional mob games

110
Q

What is a memory tool to remember the 6 negative effects of the industrial revolution

A

HITFOR

111
Q

What are the 4 main positive effects of industrialisation

A
  • Improved health
  • Increased income
  • Patronage
  • Better transport
112
Q

How is cheaper travel a benefit to sport

A

participation and spectating of sport became more accessible

113
Q

How is improvements to transport and communication a benefit to sport

A

Fixtures and results could be published on time

114
Q

What was developed to improve transport and communication

A

development of roads and steam trains

115
Q

What is industrial patronage

A

factory owners provide support to participate in sports

116
Q

What is a benefit of industrial patronage

A
  • Factory teams were set up

- facilities were provided

117
Q

How is health and hygiene improvements a benefit to sport

A

more energy/ willingness to participate in sport

118
Q

What was improved to help with health and hygiene issues

A

Living conditions and local council provision

119
Q

What key features of urbanisation contributed to the development of sport in this period

A
  • Lack of space
  • Large working class populations
  • loss of traditional sports
  • Change in working conditions
120
Q

What are the 4 ways railroads have contributed to the development of sport

A
  • Movement of teams/ spectators
  • Improved access to different parts of the country
  • Cheaper train travel
  • Improved access to the countryside

A level P.E Year 1 (31 decks)

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