Skeltetal System Flashcards
Functions of skeletal system
Protects vital organs
Source of blood cell production
- ficilitates movement
- provides attachment sites for skeletal muddles to enable movement
What bones are blood cells made out of
Red blood cells- cancellous bone
White blood cells- bone marrow
Ligaments and tendons
Bones join to other bones and to muscles in the following ways
- ligaments join bone to bone
Tendons join muscle to bone
What is cartilage
Cartilage lubricants ends of bone
Cartilage protects ends of bone where they may run against each other
What are different types of bone
Long bone - femur and humerus
Short bone - tarsals and carpals
Flat bone- cranium and pelvis
Irregular bone- vertebrae
Sesamoid bone - knee cap( patella)
What does proximal mean and distal
Proximal- means nearest to point of attachment
Distal - furthest away from pint of attachment
What are types of jointe
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial
Fibrous
Very little movement
-bone separated by fibrous tissue or cartilage
Example - skulll and pelvis
Cartilaginous
- slight movement
- bones separated by disc of cartilage
Example - vertebral column
Synovial
_ free of movement
- ends of bones covered in cartilage and separated by a cavity that is filled with fluid.
Example - hinge ( elbow or knee)
Condyloid ( wrist)
Saddle ( thumb)
Ball and socket ( shoulder and hip )
Describe movements in the joints
Movement , description and example
Abduction
Addiction
Abduction - movement away from midline of body , raising leg at hip joint
Addiction - movement towards midline of body, lowering arm at shoulder
Describe movement for joints
Extension
Flextion
Extensions - straightening a limb at a joint , straightening elbow
Lextion - bending limbs at a joint , bending knee
Describe movements at joints
Circumduction
Gliding
Circumduction- a circular movement around a fixed point - turning head at neck
Gliding - movement in more than one direction , twisting wrist
What is osteoarthritis
Degenerative joint disease caused by wear. Tear of carriage befoming damaged
Skeletal system - bone to bone friction
Joint deformity and pain
Reduce range of motion
Nervous system
Bone spurs and joint deformation ( in sound ) can compress nerves causing pain
- heightened pain leads to impact of central nervous system leading to hypersensitivity and neurophatic pain
Cardiovascular- lack of excerise leads to reduced cardiovascular health
Rifkets
Really caused in children when there is a lack of vitamin D and calcium making bones soft caused by lack of going outside. Poor minralisation of bone matrix
Skeletal
- bone pain me tenderness
Bowed legs , bones cannot hold body weight caused by deformitingw
Lack of movement.
Nervous system Bone
- serve rickets can cause hypocalcemia ( low calcium blood levels ) which could impact nerve function and muscle contraction ( ANS)
Low calcium- issues with electrical signaling to nerves and tissues
Immune system Bone- lack of VITAMIN D can lead to superbly of infections
