Cell Structure And Function

Question 1

What is the definition of a cell membrane

Answer 1

An outer coating which selectively transports substances into and out of the cell

Question 2

Definition of a nucleus

Answer 2

The control centre of the cell, regulating its gernal and specialist functions.

Question 3

What’s the definition of ribosomes.

Answer 3

Made from ribonucleic acid (RNA )they produce protein synthesis and make protein (e.g. enzymes ) instructed by DNA from nucleus

Question 4

What is the definition of the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 4

This manfufactures, stores and transports materials within and outside the cell.

Rough er - produce and store protein for the rest of the body
Smooth er - metabolises lipids and fats

Question 5

Mitochondria

Answer 5

Situated in the cytoplasm, they supply energy sorage and energy realse when needed

Question 6

What is the role of centrioles

Answer 6

Spindle formation during cell division, building new cells - Essential for cell division

Question 7

What is the definition of lysosomes

Answer 7

Contains enzymes which digest worn out parts of the cell for recycling and elimination of waste production

Question 8

Definition of Golgi apparatus

Answer 8

Modifies and stores manfactured protein and lipids (fats) before they can be transported around the body, produces lymosoms)

Question 9

What are enzymes

Answer 9

Enzymes are PROtein catysts that enable metabolic material at low temperatures

-enzymes are involved in all cell functions, such as respiration growth, excretion and irrability

Question 10

Nuclei acids DNA RNA which is inside the nucleus

Answer 10

DNA ( deoxyribonuclecic acid ) carries the cells genes as chromosomes , genes are coded instructions for making proteins and for cell function.

• All three types of RNA are involved in the decoding (transcription) of DNA to make protein

Question 11

Cell functions - respiration

Answer 11

Cells require and absorb oxygen to produce heat and energy

Question 12

Cell functions- growth

Answer 12

Cells grow to maturity by manufacturing proteins .they may be divided or specialised

Question 13

Cell function- execration

Answer 13

Waste products pass through the cell membrane

Question 14

Cell function - irrability

Answer 14

Cells can respond to physical, chemical and thermal stimulus

Question 15

What are cells that have more than one nucleus and cells that have no nucleus called and examples

Answer 15

Some cells have nuclei- multinucleate cells ( fungi skeletal muscle cells )

Some cells have no nucleus - annucleate ( red blood cells and platelets)
They can’t reproduce and can other last for 120 days )

Question 16

What is the NUCLEOUS

Answer 16

It’s a sphere structure in the cell
Its main structure is to produce and assemble ribosomes of the cell

Question 17

What is the role of RNA
What is the role of DNA
( in nucleus )

Answer 17

Single strand
responsible for manufacture of cell protein such as enzymes and hormones

DNA- double helix -responsible for control of the cell passing on inherited characteristics

Question 18

Function of cytoplasm

Answer 18

Gel like substance
Chemical reactions happen here called
Metabolism
Glycogen( sugars) and melanin are found here

Question 19

What are the stages for mitosis

Answer 19

IPPMAT

PRODUCE TWO identical cells for growth

Interphase - cell is resting appears as a thick tangled mess called the chromatin network

Prophase- two pairs of chromosomes in a skin cells
Prometaphase- chromosomes duplicate

Metaphase- chromosomes line up along the cells equator
Anaphase - chromosomes separate

Telophase- cell splits into two to form two identical

Question 20

What are the stages of meiosis

Answer 20

Produced 4 non- identical cells half the DNA( only found in SEX CELLS) (sperm and egg)
1. Two pairs of chromosomes in ovary cell
2. Chromosomes duplicate
3. Identical ( homologous) chromosomes line up the cells equator
4. Chromosomes separate

5. Cells split into two producing cells with different chromosomes
6. Chromosomes split again
7. Four egg cells.( ova ) is produced

Question 21

How much mitochondria does each cell have

Answer 21

1000

Question 22

What is the definition for organells
What is the definition for cells
What is the definition for tissue
What is the definition for organs

Answer 22

Organelles: tiny bodies inside a cell, which carries out its own functions​

Cell: the basic unit of living material​

Tissues: groups of cells joined together to carry out a particular task​

Organ: a collection of tissues joined together to carry out a specific function

Question 23

What is the fluid mosaic model and label and describe some functions of this

Answer 23

Glycoprotein-Bind to certain
molecules –
hormones, vitamins
etc. act as a
receptor into the
cell

Integral Protein -forms channels through the membrane
for substance to pass to and from the cell…Partially
permeable

Question 24

what is the name of living material that makes up all cells
what can it be sub-divided into

Answer 24

Protoplasm
cytoplasm and nucleus

Question 25

What is ATP AND ADP
WHEN IS IT NEEDED
( MITCONDRIA)

Answer 25

The energy released from glucose (sugar, food we eat) is
stored until needed in Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) –
cell’s ‘chemical battery’.
• When energy is needed (eg for contracting muscles), ATP
breaks down to Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) and the
ENERGY is RELEASED.
• ADP is then recycled and rebuilt into ATP again for later
use.
Cellular Respirtion. ( respiration equation
Glucose+ oxygen——> carbon dioxide + water

Question 26

What is electron microscope and photo microscope

Answer 26

Electron microscope: a very powerful
type of microscope, needed to see
inside cells
Photomicrograph: a photograph taken
of an object magnified using a
microscope

Question 27

What is the
respiration equation

Answer 27

Glucose+ oxygen——> carbon dioxide + water