Cardiovascular Updated Flashcards
What is pulmonary circulation
The right side of the heart pumps blood into the lungs where gas exchange happens( O2) uses into the blood and carbon dioxide( CO2) out of the blood and into air that for exhalation
What is systematic circulation
The left side of the heart pumps blood into the body. Cells take up oxygen and nutrients. Tissue waste is passed onto blood for excretion.
Aorta
The aorta is the largest blood vessel in the body leaving the left ventricle to supply oxygenated blood to the rest of the body
Ateries
Many major arteries‘s branch of a aorta supplying different parts of the body with oxygen. Arteries have thick muscular elastic walls.( expand and contract )
Aterioles
The arteries leads to smaller blood vessels called arterioles which deliver blood to capillaries in body organ tissues
Capillaries
Venules
The capillaries supply cells and tissue with nutrients from the blood. Capillaries are one is thick to maximise the rate of the fusion into and out of the blood.
Capillaries unite aterioles and venues in cell and tissue.
Veins
Valves
Venules feed into veins which carry the deoxygenated blood and waste towards heart veins have less pressure than archery so they are thinner and less muscular
Planes have vowels and intervals to prevent black flow of blood
Vena cava
Major veins feed into inferior vena cava and superior vena cava returning the deoxygenated blood to right atruim of heart
What is acute ( sudden)
What is chronic ( long term)
Life threatening disorders
Relatively mild
Heart attack
Angina
Blood clots and lukemia abnormal amount out rbc made at the expense of normal blood cells
Anemia - medication
What is heart rate
What is stroke volume
What is blood pressure ( systolic BP AND diastolic BP)
Heart rate: in a healthy adult, the heart averages 60-80 beats per minute. This can be monitored by feeling the pulse (the contractions in an accessible artery where it runs parallel to a bone) in the wrist or neck, for example.
2 Stroke volume: the amount of blood that is pumped by the heart in one contraction. It is the volume of blood in the ventricles before they contract.
3 Blood pressure (BP): the force exerted by blood on vessel walls:
• Systolic BP is the pressure produced in the arterial system when the left ventricle contracts and pushes blood into the aorta.
• Diastolic BP is the pressure in the arteries when the heart is resting (cardiac diastole).
What is the cardiac cycle
As the atria and ventricles relax (diastole), they fill with blood from the vena cava and pulmonary vein.
The atria contract (systole), squeezing more blood into the ventricles.
Next the ventricles contract, squeezing blood into the pulmonary artery and aorta.
Regulation
The sympathetic nervous system speeds up the heart rate, for example during exercise or stress, and the parasympathetic system slows it down, for example during rest or sleep. The hormone adrenaline also causes the heart rate to increase during the ‘fright, flight or fight’ response.
What is CHD
where the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart muscle, become narrowed or blocked due to the buildup of fatty deposits (plaque)
Cardiovascular System:
•Heart: Reduced blood flow can lead to chest pain, irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias), or heart attacks. , circtory system
Respiratory System:
• When the heart can’t pump effectively, fluid can build up in the lungs, causing difficulty breathing (pulmonary congestion).
Nervous System:
• CHD can lead to reduced blood flow to the brain, increasing the risk of stroke, confusion, or fainting spells.
STROKE
brain is interrupted or reduced, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. This leads to the death of brain cells within minutes.
Hemorrhagic Stroke: Caused by a ruptured blood vessel in or around the brain
Ischemic Stroke: Caused by a blood clot or other obstruction in a blood vessel supplying the brain.
Transient Ischemic Attack A temporary blockage of blood flow to the brain, often called a “mini-stroke.”
Nervous system
Difficulty speaking or understanding speech (aphasia).
• Loss of coordination or balance.
• Sudden, severe headache (more common in hemorrhagic stroke).
Muscular system
Weakness or paralysis on one side of the body ( face dropping )
Muscle stiffness or spasticity over time.
Cardiovascular System:
• Impact: Stroke often involves issues with the blood vessels heart attack may also contribute to a stroke.
Irregular or rapid heartbeat (linked to embolic strokes from the heart).
• High blood pressure leading to hemorrhagic strokes
Upper airways
Air passages in the nose
- tiny hairs in nose ( cila) of ciliated epithelial tissue begin to filter atmospheric air
- goblet cells in ciliated epithelial tissue secrete mucous which traps dust and moistens air
