Respiratiory Sytem

Question 1

Upper airway

Answer 1

Air passages in the nose
- tiny hairs in nose ( cila) of ciliated epithelial tissue begin to filter atmospheric air

• goblet cells in ciliated epithelial tissue secrete mucous which traps dust and moistens air

Cilia sweep the mucous, dust and bacteria away from the airways, preventing their entry into the body.

Question 2

( upper airways)Warm air
Trachea

Answer 2

The air is warmed further as it passes through the nasopharynx, pharynx and larynx.
Air then passes into the trachea - a large, strong tube which is held open by rings of hyaline cartilage.

Question 3

Lungs

Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchus
Bronchioles

Answer 3

The trachea divides into two - the right and left bronchi, which enter the right and left lungs.
• Each bronchus then divides into smaller bronchioles.

Question 4

Functioning Aveoli

Answer 4

Bronchioles then subdivide into alveoli (small air sacs). Each warms and moistens inhaled air, bringing it close to gas exchange surfaces during inspiration, and transporting waste gases out during expiration.

Question 5

Alveoli

Answer 5

The alveoli are thin-walled and covered with tiny capillaries. This enables the exchange of oxygen into the blood and carbon dioxide out of the blood, to be exhaled. In an adult each lung contains millions of tiny alveoli.

Question 6

What is ventilation
Breathing rate and depths

Answer 6

Ventilation
Ventilation (breathing) is the movement of air in and out of the lungs, not to be confused with respiration (gas exchange). The average adult ventilation rate is 12-15 breaths per minute.
Breathing rate and depth are regulated by the autonomic nervous system , specifically by two parts of the brain called the medulla oblongata and the pons. These structures receive information about the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood, and respond by sending nerve impulses to the respiratory muscles.