Skeletal System Overview Flashcards
-hard and dense
-located deep to periosteum
-surrounded by dense, irregular connective tissue membrane
-supplied w/ blood vessels and nerves
-composed of repeating microscopic units called osteons
compact bone
Skeletal system functions
-support
-protection
-attachment for muscles
-storage of fat and minerals
-formation of blood cells (hematopoiesis)
compact bone is made up of repeating microscopic units called
osteons
-located deep to compact bone
-composed of irregularly beams called trabeculae
-has many open spaces that house red bone marrow
spongy bone
the axial skeleton is composed of
-skull
-vertebral column
-bong thorax
the appendicular skeleton is composed of
-limbs (and what they are composed of)
-pectoral girdle
-pelvic girdle
long bone
longer than they are wide; majority of bones in appendicular skeleton
flat bone
thin, plate-like
- sternum, most skull bones
sesamoid bone
develop within tendons
-patella
short bone
cube-shaped
- wrist bones (carpals), ankles (tarsals)
irregular bone
bones that don’t fit into other categories
- vertebrae, coxal bones
bone markings (types of)
-projections
-holes
-ridges
depressions
bone markings (def)
-surfaces where bones meet to form joints with other bones
-serve as passageways for blood vessels and nerves
epiphyses
-enlarged ends of long bones
-contain a thin, outer layer of compact bone surrounding a spongy bone interior
- often filled with blood cell-producing red bone marrow
diaphysis
-shaft of bone
- thick collar of compact bone surrounded by a central medullary cavity
-anchored to bones surface via sharpey’s fibers
-has a rich supply of nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels
periosteum
-forms inner lining of diaphysis
-covers trabeculae of spongy bone
-lines central (haversian) canals of compact bone
endosteum
-between epiphysis and diaphysis
-mark sites where bands of actively dividing hyaline cartilage were once located in growing bones
-no longer visible in adulthood
-articular cartliage
epiphyseal lines
rounded end of a bone that articulates with another bone
condyle
ridge or projection
crest
round projection from a bone’s epiphysis
head
small, rounded bony projecting; tuberosity is a large tubercle
tubercle and tuberosity
small projection usually proximal to a condyle
epicondyle
prominent bony projection
process
sharp process
spine
outgrowth from a bone
protuberance
larger projection found only on femur
trochanter
long, narrow ridge
line
shallow convex or concave surface where 2 bones articulate
facet
indentation in a bone into which another structure fits
fossa
shallow pit
fovea
long indentation along a narrow structure travels
groove (sulcus)
tunnel through a bone
canal (meatus)
narrow slit in a bone or between adjacent parts of bones
fissure
hole in a bone
foramen (foramina)
