Appendicular Skeleton

Question 1

-exceptionally light
-allows upper limb mobility
-sternoclavicular joints are only attachment site of shoulder girdles to axial skeleton

Answer 1

pectoral girdle

Question 2

articulates with scapula at acromion

Answer 2

acromial (lateral) end

Question 3

sternum articulation site

Answer 3

sternal (medial) end

Question 4

anchors ligaments

Answer 4

conoid tubercle

Question 5

bicep attachment

Answer 5

coracoid process

Question 6

depression inferior and superior to scapula’s spine

Answer 6

infrasinous and supraspinous fossae

Question 7

large, shallow depression that forms anterior surface of scapula

Answer 7

subscapular fossa

Question 8

-14 mini long bones
-each finger contains 3 (excluding thumb)
-proximal, medial, distal

Answer 8

phalanges

Question 9

1-5 from thumb (pollex) side to little finger

Answer 9

metacarpals

Question 10

8 bones in 2 irregular rows

Answer 10

carpals

Question 11

-thigh bone
- heaviest, strongest bone in body

Answer 11

femur

Question 12

-sesamoid bone
-enclosed in quadriceps tendon that secures anterior thigh muscles to tibia

Answer 12

patella

Question 13

-shin bone
-weight bearing bone of leg

Answer 13

tibia

Question 14

no part in forming knee joint

Answer 14

fibula

Question 15

-14 phalanges
-5 metatarsals
-7 tarsals

Answer 15

foot

Question 16

def: adjoining bones connected by dense fibrous connective tissue; no joint cavity

structural types: suture (short fibers), syndesmosis (longer fibers), gomphosis (periodontal ligament)

examples: squamous suture between the parietal and temporal bones, between the tibia and fibula, tooth in a bony socket

Answer 16

fibrous

Question 17

def: adjoining bones united by cartilage; no joint cavity

structural types: hyaline cartilage an fibrocartilage

examples: between the costal cartilage of rib 1 and the sternum and the epiphyseal plate in growing long bones. intervertebral discs between adjacent vertebrae and the anterior connection between the pubic bones.

Answer 17

cartilaginous

Question 18

def: adjoining bones covered in articular cartilage; separated by a joint cavity and enclosed in an articular capsule lined with a synovial membrane

structural types: plane joint, hinge joint, pivot joint, condylar joint, saddle joint, and ball-and-socket joint

examples: between the carpals of the wrist, elbow joint, proximal radioulnar joint, between the metacarpals and the proximal phalanx, between trapezium ( carpal) and metatarsal 1, and shoulder joint

Answer 18

synovial

Question 19

types of synovial joints

Answer 19

plane, condylar, hinge, saddle, pivot, and ball and socket

Question 20

-ligaments reinforcing a joint are damaged by overstretching or are torn away from bony attachment
-heal slowly due to poor blood supply

Answer 20

sprain

Question 21

-when bones are forced out of their normal position in joint cavity
-accompanied by inflammation

Answer 21

dislocation

Question 22

partial dislocation with or without reduction is called

Answer 22

subluxation