Appendicular Skeleton Flashcards
-exceptionally light
-allows upper limb mobility
-sternoclavicular joints are only attachment site of shoulder girdles to axial skeleton
pectoral girdle
articulates with scapula at acromion
acromial (lateral) end
sternum articulation site
sternal (medial) end
anchors ligaments
conoid tubercle
bicep attachment
coracoid process
depression inferior and superior to scapula’s spine
infrasinous and supraspinous fossae
large, shallow depression that forms anterior surface of scapula
subscapular fossa
-14 mini long bones
-each finger contains 3 (excluding thumb)
-proximal, medial, distal
phalanges
1-5 from thumb (pollex) side to little finger
metacarpals
8 bones in 2 irregular rows
carpals
-thigh bone
- heaviest, strongest bone in body
femur
-sesamoid bone
-enclosed in quadriceps tendon that secures anterior thigh muscles to tibia
patella
-shin bone
-weight bearing bone of leg
tibia
no part in forming knee joint
fibula
-14 phalanges
-5 metatarsals
-7 tarsals
foot
def: adjoining bones connected by dense fibrous connective tissue; no joint cavity
structural types: suture (short fibers), syndesmosis (longer fibers), gomphosis (periodontal ligament)
examples: squamous suture between the parietal and temporal bones, between the tibia and fibula, tooth in a bony socket
fibrous
def: adjoining bones united by cartilage; no joint cavity
structural types: hyaline cartilage an fibrocartilage
examples: between the costal cartilage of rib 1 and the sternum and the epiphyseal plate in growing long bones. intervertebral discs between adjacent vertebrae and the anterior connection between the pubic bones.
cartilaginous
def: adjoining bones covered in articular cartilage; separated by a joint cavity and enclosed in an articular capsule lined with a synovial membrane
structural types: plane joint, hinge joint, pivot joint, condylar joint, saddle joint, and ball-and-socket joint
examples: between the carpals of the wrist, elbow joint, proximal radioulnar joint, between the metacarpals and the proximal phalanx, between trapezium ( carpal) and metatarsal 1, and shoulder joint
synovial
types of synovial joints
plane, condylar, hinge, saddle, pivot, and ball and socket
-ligaments reinforcing a joint are damaged by overstretching or are torn away from bony attachment
-heal slowly due to poor blood supply
sprain
-when bones are forced out of their normal position in joint cavity
-accompanied by inflammation
dislocation
partial dislocation with or without reduction is called
subluxation
