Organ Systems and Their Functions

Question 1

Organs: skin, hair, nails; cutaneous sense organs and glands

Functions: protects deeper organs from mechanical, chemical, and bacterial injury, and from drying out.
-excretes salts and urea
-aids in regulation of body temperature
-produces vitamin D

Answer 1

Integumentary

Question 2

Organs: Bones, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, and joints

Function: body support and protection of internal organs
- provides levers for muscular action
- cavities provide a site for blood cell formation
-bones store minerals

Answer 2

Skeletal

Question 3

organs: muscles attached to the skeleton

functions: The primary function is to contract or shorten; in doing so, skeletal muscles allow locomotion, grasping, and manipulation of the environment, and facial expression
- generates heat

Answer 3

muscular

Question 4

Organs: brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors

Functions: allows the body to detect changes in its internal and external environment and to respond to such information by activating appropriate muscles or glands
- helps maintain homeostasis of the body via rapid transmission of electrical signals

Answer 4

nervous

Question 5

organs: pituitary, thymus, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, and pineal glands; ovaries, testes, and pancreas

function: helps maintain body homeostasis, promotes growth and development; produces chemical messengers called hormones that travel in the blood to exert their effect(s) on various target organs of the body

Answer 5

Endocrine

Question 6

organs: heart and blood vessels

functions: primarily a transport system that carries blood containing oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, ions, hormones, and other substances to and from the tissue cells where exchanges are made; blood is propelled through the blood vessels by pumping action of the heart
-antibodies and other protein molecules in the blood protect the body

Answer 6

cardiovascular

Question 7

organs: lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus

functions: picks up fluid leaked from the blood vessels and returns it to the blood
- cleanses blood of pathogens and other debris
-houses lymphocytes that act via the immune response to protect the body from foreign substances

Answer 7

lymphatic

Question 8

organs: nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs

functions: keeps the blood continuously supplies w/ oxygen while removing carbon dioxide
- contributes to the acid-base balance of the blood

Answer 8

respiratory

Question 9

organs: oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, and accessory structures including teeth, salivary glands, liver, and pancreas

functions: breaks down ingested foods to smaller particles, which can be absorbed into the blood for delivery to the body cells
-undigested residue removed from the body as feces

Answer 9

digestive

Question 10

organs: kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra

functions: rids the body of nitrogen-containing wastes including urea, uric acid, and ammonia, which result from the breakdown of proteins and nucleic acids
- maintains water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance of blood

Answer 10

urinary

Question 11

organs:
-males: testes, prostate gland, scrotum, penis, and duct system, which carries sperm to the body exterior
-females: ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, mammary glands, and vagina

function:
-males: provides gametes called sperm for perpetuation of the species
females: gametes called eggs; the uterus houses the developing fetus until birth; mammary glans provide nutrition for the infant

Answer 11

reproductive