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A&P Lab > exam 4 definitions (nervous system) > Flashcards

exam 4 definitions (nervous system) Flashcards

1
Q

respond to stimuli,

A

sensory receptor

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2
Q

activated by touch, pressure, pain, heat, cold, stretch, vibration, and changes in body position

A

general sense

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3
Q

include vision, hearing, equilibrium, smell, and taste

A

special senses

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4
Q

sensitive to stimuli in external environment and are found close to body surface

A

exteroceptors

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5
Q

respond to stimuli within body

A

interoreceptors

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6
Q

respond to internal stimuli, restricted to skeletal muscles, tendons, joints, ligaments, and connective tissue coverings of bone and muscles

A

proprioceptors

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7
Q

consists of the brain and spinal cord, which primarily interpret incoming sensory information and issue instructions.

A

central nervous system (CNS)

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8
Q

consists of the cranial and spinal nerves, ganglia, and sensory receptors

A

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

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9
Q

location: anterior to the inferior region of the premotor area in the frontal lobe in only one hemisphere

function: controls muscles involved in speech production and also plays a role in the planning of nonspeech motor functions

A

broca’s area

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10
Q

the outermost gray matter of the cerebrum

A

cerebral cortex

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11
Q

is composed of myelinated fibers bundled into tracts carrying impulses to or from the cortex

A

cerebral white matter

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12
Q

location: postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe

functions: receives information from the body’s sensory receptors in the skin and from proprioceptors in the skeletal muscles, joints, and tendons

A

primary somatosensory cortex

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13
Q

location: precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe

function: conscious control of the voluntary movement of skeletal muscles

A

primary motor cortex

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14
Q

is embryologically part of the forebrain, along with the cerebral hemispheres

A

diencephalon

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15
Q

-working memory for spatial tasks
-executive area for task management
-working memory for object-recall tasks
-solving complex, multitask problems

A

prefrontal cortex

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16
Q

carries afferent impulses associated with vision
-sensory

A

optic

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17
Q

carries afferent impulses for sense of smell
-sensory

A

olfactory

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18
Q

direct eyeball, eyelid, and controls lens shape and pupil size
-motor

A

oculomotor

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19
Q

provides somatic motor fibers to superior oblique muscles that move the eyeball
-motor

A

trochlear

20
Q

major sensory nerve of the face; conducts sensory impulses from skin of face and anterior scalp, from mucosae of mouth and nose, and from surface of eyes.
-motor and sensory

A

trigeminal

21
Q

carries somatic motor fibers to lateral rectus muscle that abducts the eyeball
-motor

A

abducens

22
Q

supplies somatic motor fibers to muscles of facial expression and the posterior belly of the digastric muscle; parasympathetic motor fibers to lacrimal and salivary glands; carries sensory fibers from taste receptors of anterior tongue
-motor and sensory

A

facial

23
Q

vestibular branch transmits impulses associated with a sense of equilibrium from vestibular apparatus and semicircular canals; cochlear branch transmits impulses associated with hearing from cochlea. small motor component adjusts the sensitivity of the sensory receptors
-sensory

A

vestibulocochlear

24
Q

somatic motor fibers serve pharyngeal muscles, and parasympathetic motor fibers serve salivary glands; sensory fibers carry impulses from pharynx, tonsils, posterior tongue (taste buds), and from chemoreceptors and pressure receptors of carotid artery.
-motor and sensory

A

glossopharyngeal

25
Q

fibers carry somatic motor impulses to pharynx and larynx and sensory fibers from same structures; very large portion is composed of parasympathetic motor fibers, which supply heart and smooth muscles of abdominal visceral organs; transmits sensory impulses form viscera
-motor and sensory

A

vagus

26
Q

provides somatic motor fibers to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
- motor and sensory (primarily motor)

A

accessory

27
Q

carries somatic motor fibers to muscles of tongue
-motor and sensory (primarily motor)

A

hypoglossal

28
Q

are involved in regulating voluntary motor activities and flank the lateral and third ventricles

A

basal nuclei

29
Q

the major commissure connecting the cerebral hemispheres

A

corpus callosum

30
Q

the entire surface is thrown into elevated ridges of tissue called

A

gyri

31
Q

gyri are separated by shallow grooved called

A

sulci

32
Q

deeper grooves in the brain are called

A

fissures

33
Q

a part of the brain that is responsible for understanding written and spoken language

A

wernicke’s area

34
Q

a part of the frontal lobe of the brain that controls voluntary movement on the opposite side of the body

A

precentral gyrus

35
Q

a tube-shaped column of nerve tissue that runs from the base of the skull to the lower back, carrying messages between the brain and the rest of the body

A

spinal cord

36
Q

a nerve that contains both sensory and motor nerve fibers

A

mixed nerve

37
Q

nerve fibers that are part of the parasympathetic nervous system and use acetylcholine as their neurotransmitter

A

cholinergic fibers

38
Q

nerve fibers that release the neurotransmitters norepinephrine adrenaline, or dopamine

A

adrenergic fibers

39
Q

a region in the parietal lobe of the brain that interprets and integrates tactile information from the primary somatosensory cortex

A

somatosensory association area

40
Q

a thin, translucent plate in the brain that separates the frontal horns of the lateral ventricles

A

septum pellucidum

41
Q

a white matter bundle located in the mesial aspect of the cerebral hemispheres

A

fornix

42
Q

an area of the brain that helps process information from the senses and transmit it to other parts of the brain

A

thalamus

43
Q

the area of the brain that controls body temperature, hunger, and thirst

A

hypothalamus

44
Q

a network of blood vessels and cells in the ventricles of the brain

A

choroid plexus

45
Q

a small endocrine gland that releases several important hormones and controls the functions of many other endocrine system glands

A

pituitary gland

46
Q

a narrow channel connecting the third and fourth brain ventricles. csf flows through with no obstruction

A

cerebral aqueduct

47
Q
A

A&P Lab (18 decks)

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