Hormones and their functions Flashcards
-stimulus for release - is thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
-target cells - thyroid gland
- effects - stimulates secretion of thyroid glands (T3 and T4)
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
stimulus for release - gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
target cells - ovaries and testes (gonads)
effects - males: sperm production
females: ovaries maturation and estrogen production
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
the stimulus for release - GnRH
target cells - ovaries and testes
effects - males: testosterone production
females: ovulation, ovarian production, estrogen and proestrogen
luteinizing hormone (LH)
stimulus for release - corticotropic-releasing hormone (CRH)
target cells - adrenal cortex
effects - release of glucocorticoids and androgens
adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH
stimulus for release - growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)
target cells - liver, muscle, bone, and cartilage, mostly
effects - stimulates body growth and protein synthesis, mobilizes fat and conserves glucose
growth hormone (GH)
stimulus for release - a decrease in amount of prolactin-inhibiting hormone (PIH)
target cells - mammary glands in the breats
effects - stimulates milk production (lactation)
Prolactin (PRL)
stimulus for release - nerve impulses from hypothalamic neurons in response to cervical/uterine stretch or suckling of an infant
target cells - uterus and mammary glands
effects - stimulates powerful uterine contractions during birth and stimulates milk ejection in lactating mothers.
oxytocin
stimulus for release - nerve impulses from hypothalamic neurons in response to increased blood solute concentration or decreased blood volume
target - kidneys
effects - stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb more water, reducing urine output and conserving body water
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
stimulus for release - thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
target - most cells of the body
effects - increases basal metabolic rate, regulates tissue growth and development
thyroid gland: thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), Thyroid hormone (TH)
stimulus for release - high levels of calcium in the blood
target - bones
calcitonin
stimulus for release - low levels of calcium in the blood
target - bones and kidneys
effects - increases blood calcium by stimulating osteoclasts and by stimulating the kidneys to reabsorb more calcium. PTH also stimulates the kidneys to convert vitamin D to calcitriol, which is required for the absorption of calcium in the intestines.
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
stimulus for release - increased blood glucose levels, parasympathetic nervous system stimulation
target - most cells of the body
effects - accelerates the transport of glucose into body cells; promotes glycogen, fat, and protein synthesis
insulin
stimulus for release - decreased blood glucose levels, sympathetic nervous system stimulation
target - primarily the liver and adipose
effects - accelerates the breakdown of glycogen to glucose, stimulates the conversion of lactic acid into glucose, releases glucose into the blood from the liver.
glucagon
