lymphatic system and immune system Flashcards
what direction does lymph flow
it always flows from the tissues back towards the heart
a clear, watery fluid that circulates throughout the body as part of the lymphatic system. it carries white blood cells, nutrients, and other substances.
lymph
a dilated sac-like structure at the base of the thoracic duct, located in the retroperitoneal space, which collects lymph from the intestines and lower body.
cisterna chyli
in the lymphatic system the spleen tissue
takes in blood and pumps out lymph
innate responses are
-surface barriers (1st line of defense)
-skin and mucous membrane
-internal defenses (2nd line of defense)
- phagocytes, inflammation, fever
-nonspecific
adaptive responses are
-activated by specific ‘lock and key’ recognition of foreign molecules
-driven by T and B cells
specific
originate in the red blood marrow and also mature in the red bone marrow
b cells
originate in the red bone marrow and also migrate to the thymus for maturation
t cells
is triggered when an antigen binds to the specific cell-surface receptors of a T or B cell
clonal selection
what are the three main pillars of immune function
-memory
-specificity
-self-tolerance
highly specific and allows rapid response to subsequent exposures
memory
the cells that recognize antigens and initiate an immune response are highly specific to one or a few similar antigens. cells which have this ability are known as immunocompetent
specificity
the immune system can distinguish our tissues (self) from foreign antigens (non-self)
self-tolerance
-humoral immunity
-red bone marrow
-plasma cells
-have memory cell formation
-plasma cells produce antibodies that inactivate antigen and tag for destruction
B-cells
-cellular immunity
-thymus
-cytotoxic T cells, helper T cells, regulatory T cells
-have cell memory formation\
-cytotoxic T cells attack infected cells and tumor cells. helper T cells activate B cells and other cells.
T-cells
a condition which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own healthy tissues and organs.
autoimmunity
what makes an antibody
produced by effector B cells called plasma cells
a protein produced by the body’s immune system when it detects harmful substances
antibody
two of the chains in a antibody monomer that are quite large and have a high molecular weight
heavy chains
two chains of the antibody monomers that are only half as long and have a low molecular weight
light chains
any substances that causes the body to make an immune response against that substance
antigen
is the part of an antigen that binds to an antibody or antigen receptor
antigen determinant
where to antibodies bind to antigens
the antigen-binding site, or also known as the paratope.
what are the primary lymphoid organs/tissues
bone marrow and thymus
-these are sites where lymphocytes are produced and mature into functional; immune cells
