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A&P Lab > Axial Skeleton > Flashcards

Axial Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

-protects brain
-provides attachment sites for head and neck muscles
-houses major sensory organs for vision, hearing, balance, taste, and smell
- 29 total bones
-22 skull bones

A

skull

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2
Q

-supports trunk
-protects the spinal cord
-provides attachment sites for ribs and muscles of neck and back
-infants have 33 separate vertebrae
-adults have 26 because 9 fuse to form 2 composite bones

A

vertebral column

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3
Q

-protective structure around organs of the throacic cavity
-sternum and paired ribs 25 bones total
-costal cartilages
-thoracic vertebrae

A

thoracic cage

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4
Q

-8 bones that form cranium
-connected by immovable articulations called sutured

A

cranial bones

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5
Q

cranium

A

-cranial vault
-cranial base

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6
Q

superior, lateral, and posterior walls of skull

A

cranial vault

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7
Q

bottom of the skull

A

cranial base

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8
Q

located medially at level of intervertebral disc between T2 and T3

A

suprasternal notch

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9
Q

clavicle forms a joint with manubrium

A

clavicular notch

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10
Q

landmark for finding rip 2 when using a stethoscope

A

sternal angle

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11
Q

heart sits on diaphragm

A

xiphisternal joint

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12
Q

What are the true rips numbered?

A

1-7

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13
Q

What are the false ribs numbered

A

8-12

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14
Q

What are the floating ribs numbered

A

11-12

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15
Q

-named after greek god who carried the world on his shoulders
-only one that articulates with skull
-has no spinous process
-has no vertebral body
-has anterior arches that meet at anterior tubercle
-has posterior arches that meet at posterior tubercle
-has lateral masses on either side

A

Atlas (C1)

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16
Q

-peg-like dens (odontoid process) project superiorly to body
-articulates with enlarged vertebral foramen of the atlas

A

Axis (C2)

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17
Q

-receive occipital condyles of occipital bone of skull
- inferior articular facets articulate with axis

A

superior articular facets

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18
Q

-between C1 and C2
-no intervertebral disc between atlas and axis

A

atlantoaxial joint

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19
Q

-spinous process is larger than other cervical vertebrae
-not bifid
-vertebra prominens

A

C7

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20
Q

-heart-shaped body bearing 4 small facets where ribs articulate
- a spinous process that points sharply inferiorly
-a circular vertebral foramen

A

thoracic vertebrae

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21
Q

-large sizes and weights
-wide kidney-shaped bodies
-blunt, hatchet-shaped spinous processes
-triangular vertebral foramina

A

Lumbar vertebrae

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22
Q

-prominent bulge on anterosuperior margin
-important anatomical landmark in females during female exams/labor and delivery
-alae

A

sacral promontory

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23
Q

-marks sites of vertebral fusion

A

transverse lines

24
Q

-composed of 3-5 fused vertebrae
-horn-like projections (coccygeal cornu)
-offers slight support to pelvic organs
-serves as point of attachment for muscles of pelvic floor

A

coccyx

25
Q

-opening that lies between body and vertebral arch
-adjacent vertebral foramina form vertebral canal
-houses spinal cord

A

vertebral foramen

26
Q

-inferior to mandible
-C-shaped
-does not articulate with any other bone
-serves as a moveable base for tongue
-serves as attachment site for neck muscles that raise and lower larynx during swallowing and speech

A

hyoid bone

27
Q

-paired; irregularly shaped
-closes around 12 months

A

mastoid fontanels

28
Q

paired; small, irregularly shaped
-closes around 3 months

A

sphenoid fontanels

29
Q

small, triangular
-closes around 2 months post-birth

A

posterior fontanel

30
Q

-largest fontanel; diamond-shaped
-closes 18-24 months post-birth

A

anterior fontanel

31
Q

divided left and right frontal bones
-closes around 3-9 months

A

frontal suture

32
Q

what is the function of paranasal sinuses

A

-lighten skull
-add resonance to the voice
-warm, moisten, and clean inhaled air

33
Q

upright branch of mandible that serves as attachment site for a muscle that closes jaw

A

mandibular ramus

34
Q

area at which body meets ramus

A

mandibular angle

35
Q

rounded projection that articulates with mandibular fossa of temporal bone

A

mandibular condyle

36
Q

insertion site for a muscle that closes mouth

A

coronoid process

37
Q

indentation between coronoid process and mandibular condyle

A

mandibular notch

38
Q

-forms upper jawbone
-keystone bones of the face
-articulate with all other bones except mandible

A

maxillae

39
Q

-superior border of the mandibular body
-contains tooth sockets

A

alveolar process

40
Q

openings in mandible that serve as passageways of nerves and blood vessels

A

mental foramina

41
Q

most deeply situated bone of skull

A

ethmoid bone

42
Q

-superior projection in the midline of ethmoid bone
-attached to the brain by connective tissue wrappings

A

crista galli

43
Q

-bony plates studded with olfactory foramina
-serve as passageways for fibers of olfactory cranial nerves

A

cribriform plates

44
Q

forms superior portion of nasal septum

A

perpendicular plate

45
Q

-thin bone scrolls projecting into the nasal cavity on either side of the perpendicular plate
-creates air turbulence that slows air movement

A

superior and middle nasal conchae

46
Q

-small transverse ridges on either side of the external occipital protuberance
-created by neck muscle attachments

A

superior and inferior nuchal lines`

47
Q

-bat-shaped bone located posterior to frontal bone
-articulated with every other cranial bone
-keystone bone of cranium

A

sphenoid bone

48
Q

-project laterally from central body of sphenoid bone
-form part of floor of middle cranial fossa

A

greater wings

49
Q

horn-shaped projection that form part of floor of anterior cranial fossa

A

lesser wings

50
Q

-project inferiorly form greater wings
-attachment site for muscles

A

pterygoid processes

51
Q

forms posterior part and most of base of cranium

A

occipital bone

52
Q

large opening on inferior surface of skull where brain and spinal cord meet

A

foramen magnum

53
Q

rounded projections that articulate with 1st cervical vertebrae (atlas) to form atlantooccipital joint

A

occipital condyles

54
Q

opening where a cranial nerve passes

A

hypoglossal canals

55
Q

ridge of bone that extends posteriorly form foramen magnum and ends at external occipital protuberance

A

external occipital crest

56
Q

-small midline bump at end of external occipital crest
-occurs at the junction between base and posterior wall of skull

A

external occipital protuberance

A&P Lab (18 decks)

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