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Human Anatomy > Skeletal System: Joints > Flashcards

Skeletal System: Joints Flashcards

1
Q

JOINTS

A

point where 2 or more bones meet

3 Types: FIBROUS, CARTILAGINOUS, and SYNOVIAL

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2
Q

FIBROUS JOINTS

A

strong, tough
designed to limit motion and provide stability

sutures, gomphoses, syndesmoses

found in skull, jaw, between long bones

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3
Q

CARTILAGINOUS JOINTS

A

allow little mvmt
made of fibrocartilage and hyaline cartilage

2 types: PRIMARY and SECONDARY

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4
Q

SYNOVIAL JOINTS

A

more moveable w range of motion
most common type of joint

comprised of articular capsule (fibrous outer later and inner synovial membrane)

mainly found in limbs and but found in top of spine and skull

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5
Q

SUTURES

A

synarthrotic joints; little to no mvmt; found in flat bones of skull

INTER-LOCKING PATTERN wavy edges provide greater stability

PERISOTEUM continuous w layer of skull into deep thin cracks bw adjacent bones

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6
Q

GOMPHOSIS

A

immobile joints bw roots of teeth and alveolar bones

held in place by PERIODONTAL LIGAMENTS

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7
Q

SYNDESMOSIS

A

slightly moveable joint connecting the shaft of 2 long bones

provides stability
site of muscle attachment
muscle compartment

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8
Q

PERIODONTAL LIGAMENTS

A

ligaments connect rounded extension of teeth to sockets and provides sensory info

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9
Q

PRIMARY CARTILAGINOUS JOINTS

SYNCHONDROSES

A

made of hyaline cartilage

found on ends of developing bones for growth along length of bone

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10
Q

SECONDARY CARTILAGINOUS JOINTS

SYMPHYSES

A

thick gel like to act as shock absorber and provide flexibility. composed of hyaline and fibrocartilage

found in spine (INTERVERTEBRAL DISCS) and pelvis (PUBIC SYMPHYSIS)

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11
Q

Types of Synovial Joints

A 
1 PIVOT
2 PLANE
3 HINGE
4 SADDLE
5 CONDYLOID
6 BALL + SOCKET
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12
Q

HINGE JOINT

A

one plane mvmt - flexion and extension on same axis

like elbows

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13
Q

PIVOT JOINT

A

one bone rotates about another

ex) atlanto-axial joint (atlas rotates around axis)

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14
Q

SADDLE JOINT

A

permits mvmt in 2 diff planes by abduction and adduction and circumduction

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15
Q

PLANE JOINT

A

gliding mvmt

like scapula and clavicle

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16
Q

BALL + SOCKET JOINT

A

highly mobile

for flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial and lateral rotation, and circumduction

hip joint

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17
Q

Factors that determine how mobile a joint is

A

1 type of tissue in joint
2 orientation and elasticity of surrounding muscles/ligaments
3 articulating shape of joint
4 size of subcutaneous tissue (fat) and muscle

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18
Q

ATLANTO OCCIPITAL JOINT

A

type of SYNOVIAL JOINT allows for YES motion (flexion/depression and extension/elevation)

superior surface of Atlas bone and Occipital Condyle (inferior facing surface of skull)

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19
Q

ATLANTO AXIAL JOINT

A

2 types of synovial joints: GLIDING SYNOVIAL JOINTS (right and left atlantoaxial joints)
PIVOT SYNOVIAL JOINTS (medial)

3 articulations: RIGHT, LEFT, MEDIAL atlanto axial joint

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20
Q

Ligaments of Atlanto Axial Joints

A

Cruciate Ligaments composed of LONGITUDINAL BANDS and TRANSVERSE LIGAMENT

ALAR LIGAMENT anterior longitudinal prevents excessive rotation found on both sides of dens

21
Q

ZYGAPOPHYSIAL JOINT

A

synovial gliding joint of vertebral arches (more mvmt in lumbar region)
joint connects INFERIOR ARTICULAR FACET of one vertebrae with the SUPERIOR ARTICULAR FACET of the vertebrae below.
covered in a JOINT CAPSULE

each vertebrae has 2 sets of Zygapophysieal joints.

22
Q

LUMBOSACRAL ANGLE

A

connects the superior surface of SACRUM to inferior surface of LUMBAR

poor posture can lead to exaggeration of lumbosacral angle, leading to LUMBAR LORDOSIS, and back pain

23
Q

STERNOCLAVICULAR JOINT

A

Synovial saddle joint that joins medial end of clavicle to Clavicular Notch of Manubrium, and to First Costal Cartilage

surrounded by capsule and supported by strong ligaments w an ARTICULAR DISC

24
Q

ACROMIOCLAVICULAR JOINT

A

weak synovial joint prone to sprains allows for rotation of sacromion of scapula
articulation of medal surface of scapula and lateral end of clavicle

both articular surface are covered w fibrocartilage w an articular disc

25
Q

ARTICULAR DISC

A

that separates the 2 joints and acts as a shock absorber

26
Q

GLENOHUMERAL JOINT

A

somewhat unstabe multiaxial synovial ball and socket joint

ball is round end of humerus, socker is glenoid cavity of scapula
ligaments that help are extrascapular ligaments, rotator cuff muscles, long head of brachii tendon

27
Q

ELBOW JOINT

A

2 synovial hinge joint of HUMEROULNAR and HUMERORADIAL JOINTS w 3 separate articulations and joint capsule

28
Q

ELBOW JOINT Articulations

A

trochlea of humerus and trochlear of ulna

capitulum of humerus nd concavity of head of radius

proximal radioulnar joint (unstable)

29
Q

ELBOW JOINT CAPSULE

A

on medial and lateral sides, capsule has thickeninfs to form ligaments

30
Q

PROXIMAL RADIO-ULNAR JONTS

A

synovial pivot joint - mvmt of radial head on the ulna

31
Q

DISTAL RADIO-ULNAR JOINT

A

relatively fixed pivot synovial joint (allows ponation and supination of forearm)

ulnar head articulates w ulnar notch of radius

supoported by palmar and dorsal radioulnar ligaments

32
Q

WRIST JOINTS

A

distal end of radius articulates w distal end of ulna and prximar carpalms (ulna does not participate)

surrounded by fibrous capsules w synovial membrane within

33
Q

WRIST JOINTS

A

distal end of radius articulates w distal end of ulna and prximar carpalms (ulna does not participate)

mvmt in 2 axes: adduction and abduction; flexion and extension

surrounded by fibrous capsules w synovial membrane within

34
Q

WRIST JOINTS

A

distal end of radius articulates w distal end of ulna and prximar carpalms (ulna does not participate)

mvmt in 2 axes: adduction and abduction; flexion and extension

surrounded by fibrous capsules w synovial membrane within

35
Q

palmar radiocarpal ligaments

A

stabilise wrist joints

attaching to radius and to carpal bones

36
Q

DORSAL RADIOCARPAL LIGAMENTS

A

dorsal surface

37
Q

ULNAR COLLATERAL LIGAMENTS

A

medial of wrist joints

38
Q

RADIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT

A

lateral of wrist joints

39
Q

joints of hand

A

CARPOMETACARPAL JOINTS
METACARPOPHALANGEAL JOINTS
INTERPHALANGEAL JOINTS
DISTAL

40
Q

METACARPOPHALANGEAL JOINTS

A

5 condylar joint bw distal head of metacarpal bone and proximal phalanx

allows flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumspection, and limited rotation

palmar ligaments, medial and lateral collateral ligaments

41
Q

INTERPHALANGEAL JOINTS

A

hinge joint bw 2 phalanges (either PROXIMAL or DISTAL)

allows flexion adn extension

first digit (thumb) only has one interphalangeal joint

42
Q

INTERPHALANGEAL JOINTS

A

hinge joint bw 2 phalanges (either PROXIMAL or DISTAL)

allows flexion adn extension

first digit (thumb) only has one interphalangeal joint

43
Q

KNEE JOINT

A

hinge synovial joint w joint capsule for flexion and extension but also permits rotation around vertical axis

somewhat unstable , stability depends on surrounding muscle/ligament strength

2 joints
TIBIOFEMORAL and PATELLOFEMORAL

44
Q

TIBIOFIBULAR JOINT

A

2 articulations: medial and lateral between tibia and femur

45
Q

SACROILIAC JOINT

A

synovial joint; one of the most stable/strongest joints;

transfers weight fr axial to lower limb

46
Q

HIP JOINT

A

ball+socket synovial joint connects pelvic girdle to lower limb w joint capsule

head of femur to acetabulum (cavity on hipbone)

47
Q

PUBIC SYMPHYSIS

A

fibrocartilage joint that connects right and left anterior hip bones

little to no mvmt

can separate fr gestation or childbirth

48
Q

PATELLOFEMORAL JOINT

A

single articulation bw patella and femur

49
Q

extracapsular ligaments of KNEE JOINT

A 
PATELLAR LIGAMENT (strong, thick anterior of knee joint),
FIBULAR COLLATERAL LIGAMENT (cordlike strong fr lateral surface of fibular head to lateral epicondyle of femur), TIBIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT (strong flat from medial epicondyle of femur to superior part of medial surface of tibia)

Human Anatomy (29 decks)

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