Skeletal System: Joints Flashcards
JOINTS
point where 2 or more bones meet
3 Types: FIBROUS, CARTILAGINOUS, and SYNOVIAL
FIBROUS JOINTS
strong, tough
designed to limit motion and provide stability
sutures, gomphoses, syndesmoses
found in skull, jaw, between long bones
CARTILAGINOUS JOINTS
allow little mvmt
made of fibrocartilage and hyaline cartilage
2 types: PRIMARY and SECONDARY
SYNOVIAL JOINTS
more moveable w range of motion
most common type of joint
comprised of articular capsule (fibrous outer later and inner synovial membrane)
mainly found in limbs and but found in top of spine and skull
SUTURES
synarthrotic joints; little to no mvmt; found in flat bones of skull
INTER-LOCKING PATTERN wavy edges provide greater stability
PERISOTEUM continuous w layer of skull into deep thin cracks bw adjacent bones
GOMPHOSIS
immobile joints bw roots of teeth and alveolar bones
held in place by PERIODONTAL LIGAMENTS
SYNDESMOSIS
slightly moveable joint connecting the shaft of 2 long bones
provides stability
site of muscle attachment
muscle compartment
PERIODONTAL LIGAMENTS
ligaments connect rounded extension of teeth to sockets and provides sensory info
PRIMARY CARTILAGINOUS JOINTS
SYNCHONDROSES
made of hyaline cartilage
found on ends of developing bones for growth along length of bone
SECONDARY CARTILAGINOUS JOINTS
SYMPHYSES
thick gel like to act as shock absorber and provide flexibility. composed of hyaline and fibrocartilage
found in spine (INTERVERTEBRAL DISCS) and pelvis (PUBIC SYMPHYSIS)
Types of Synovial Joints
1 PIVOT 2 PLANE 3 HINGE 4 SADDLE 5 CONDYLOID 6 BALL + SOCKET
HINGE JOINT
one plane mvmt - flexion and extension on same axis
like elbows
PIVOT JOINT
one bone rotates about another
ex) atlanto-axial joint (atlas rotates around axis)
SADDLE JOINT
permits mvmt in 2 diff planes by abduction and adduction and circumduction
PLANE JOINT
gliding mvmt
like scapula and clavicle
BALL + SOCKET JOINT
highly mobile
for flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial and lateral rotation, and circumduction
hip joint
Factors that determine how mobile a joint is
1 type of tissue in joint
2 orientation and elasticity of surrounding muscles/ligaments
3 articulating shape of joint
4 size of subcutaneous tissue (fat) and muscle
ATLANTO OCCIPITAL JOINT
type of SYNOVIAL JOINT allows for YES motion (flexion/depression and extension/elevation)
superior surface of Atlas bone and Occipital Condyle (inferior facing surface of skull)
ATLANTO AXIAL JOINT
2 types of synovial joints: GLIDING SYNOVIAL JOINTS (right and left atlantoaxial joints)
PIVOT SYNOVIAL JOINTS (medial)
3 articulations: RIGHT, LEFT, MEDIAL atlanto axial joint
Ligaments of Atlanto Axial Joints
Cruciate Ligaments composed of LONGITUDINAL BANDS and TRANSVERSE LIGAMENT
ALAR LIGAMENT anterior longitudinal prevents excessive rotation found on both sides of dens
ZYGAPOPHYSIAL JOINT
synovial gliding joint of vertebral arches (more mvmt in lumbar region)
joint connects INFERIOR ARTICULAR FACET of one vertebrae with the SUPERIOR ARTICULAR FACET of the vertebrae below.
covered in a JOINT CAPSULE
each vertebrae has 2 sets of Zygapophysieal joints.
LUMBOSACRAL ANGLE
connects the superior surface of SACRUM to inferior surface of LUMBAR
poor posture can lead to exaggeration of lumbosacral angle, leading to LUMBAR LORDOSIS, and back pain
STERNOCLAVICULAR JOINT
Synovial saddle joint that joins medial end of clavicle to Clavicular Notch of Manubrium, and to First Costal Cartilage
surrounded by capsule and supported by strong ligaments w an ARTICULAR DISC
ACROMIOCLAVICULAR JOINT
weak synovial joint prone to sprains allows for rotation of sacromion of scapula
articulation of medal surface of scapula and lateral end of clavicle
both articular surface are covered w fibrocartilage w an articular disc
ARTICULAR DISC
that separates the 2 joints and acts as a shock absorber
GLENOHUMERAL JOINT
somewhat unstabe multiaxial synovial ball and socket joint
ball is round end of humerus, socker is glenoid cavity of scapula
ligaments that help are extrascapular ligaments, rotator cuff muscles, long head of brachii tendon
ELBOW JOINT
2 synovial hinge joint of HUMEROULNAR and HUMERORADIAL JOINTS w 3 separate articulations and joint capsule
ELBOW JOINT Articulations
trochlea of humerus and trochlear of ulna
capitulum of humerus nd concavity of head of radius
proximal radioulnar joint (unstable)
ELBOW JOINT CAPSULE
on medial and lateral sides, capsule has thickeninfs to form ligaments
PROXIMAL RADIO-ULNAR JONTS
synovial pivot joint - mvmt of radial head on the ulna
DISTAL RADIO-ULNAR JOINT
relatively fixed pivot synovial joint (allows ponation and supination of forearm)
ulnar head articulates w ulnar notch of radius
supoported by palmar and dorsal radioulnar ligaments
WRIST JOINTS
distal end of radius articulates w distal end of ulna and prximar carpalms (ulna does not participate)
surrounded by fibrous capsules w synovial membrane within
WRIST JOINTS
distal end of radius articulates w distal end of ulna and prximar carpalms (ulna does not participate)
mvmt in 2 axes: adduction and abduction; flexion and extension
surrounded by fibrous capsules w synovial membrane within
WRIST JOINTS
distal end of radius articulates w distal end of ulna and prximar carpalms (ulna does not participate)
mvmt in 2 axes: adduction and abduction; flexion and extension
surrounded by fibrous capsules w synovial membrane within
palmar radiocarpal ligaments
stabilise wrist joints
attaching to radius and to carpal bones
DORSAL RADIOCARPAL LIGAMENTS
dorsal surface
ULNAR COLLATERAL LIGAMENTS
medial of wrist joints
RADIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT
lateral of wrist joints
joints of hand
CARPOMETACARPAL JOINTS
METACARPOPHALANGEAL JOINTS
INTERPHALANGEAL JOINTS
DISTAL
METACARPOPHALANGEAL JOINTS
5 condylar joint bw distal head of metacarpal bone and proximal phalanx
allows flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumspection, and limited rotation
palmar ligaments, medial and lateral collateral ligaments
INTERPHALANGEAL JOINTS
hinge joint bw 2 phalanges (either PROXIMAL or DISTAL)
allows flexion adn extension
first digit (thumb) only has one interphalangeal joint
INTERPHALANGEAL JOINTS
hinge joint bw 2 phalanges (either PROXIMAL or DISTAL)
allows flexion adn extension
first digit (thumb) only has one interphalangeal joint
KNEE JOINT
hinge synovial joint w joint capsule for flexion and extension but also permits rotation around vertical axis
somewhat unstable , stability depends on surrounding muscle/ligament strength
2 joints
TIBIOFEMORAL and PATELLOFEMORAL
TIBIOFIBULAR JOINT
2 articulations: medial and lateral between tibia and femur
SACROILIAC JOINT
synovial joint; one of the most stable/strongest joints;
transfers weight fr axial to lower limb
HIP JOINT
ball+socket synovial joint connects pelvic girdle to lower limb w joint capsule
head of femur to acetabulum (cavity on hipbone)
PUBIC SYMPHYSIS
fibrocartilage joint that connects right and left anterior hip bones
little to no mvmt
can separate fr gestation or childbirth
PATELLOFEMORAL JOINT
single articulation bw patella and femur
extracapsular ligaments of KNEE JOINT
PATELLAR LIGAMENT (strong, thick anterior of knee joint), FIBULAR COLLATERAL LIGAMENT (cordlike strong fr lateral surface of fibular head to lateral epicondyle of femur), TIBIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT (strong flat from medial epicondyle of femur to superior part of medial surface of tibia)
