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Human Anatomy > Skeletal Muscular System - Axial > Flashcards

Skeletal Muscular System - Axial Flashcards

1
Q

5 Superficial Back Muscles

A 
Trapezius
Latissimus Dorsi
Rhomboid Minor
Rhomboid Major
Levator Scapulae
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2
Q

Trapezius Muscle

superficial back

A

Superficial back muscle
Innerviated by CNXI + cervical spinal nerves
3 Components: Ascending, Transverse, + Descending

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3
Q

Ascending Trapezius Muscle

superficial back

A

Origin: T4-T12
Insertion: upper crest +tubercle of scapular spine

depress scapula

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4
Q

Transverse Trapezius Muscle

superficial back

A

Origin: C7-T3
Insertion: acromion + spine of scapula

retracts scapula

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5
Q

Descending Trapezius Muscle

superficial back

A

Origin: occipital bone, C1-C7
Insertion: lateral 1/3 of clavicle

elevates shoulders

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6
Q

Latissimus Dorsi

superficial back

A

Origin: T7-T1, thoracolumbar fascia, posterior iliac crest, 9-12 ribs
Insertion: intertubercular sulcus of humerus bone
Innervated: thoracodorsal nerve

adduct + medially rotate arm; extend shoulders

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7
Q

Rhomboid Minor

superficial back

A

Origin: C7-T1
Insertion: medial border of scapula
Innervated: dorsal scapular nerve

retract + medially rotate scapulae

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8
Q

Rhomboid Major

superficial back

A

Origin: T2-T5
Insertion: medial border of scapula
Innervated: dosral scapular nerve

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9
Q

Levator Scapulae

superficial back

A

Origin: C1-C4
Insertion: medial border of scapula
Innervated: cervical spinal nerve

laterally flex + rotate head + neck, elevate shoulders

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10
Q

Intermediate Back Muscle

A

accessory muscles for respiratory + assist in holding tension in the back

branches of thoracic nerves

Serratus Posterior Superior
Serratus Posterior Inferior

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11
Q

Serratus Posterior Superior

Intermediate back muscle

A

Origin: C7-T3
Insert: 2-5 Ribs

spans laterally+inferiorly; elevates 2-5 ribs during repiration

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12
Q

Serratus Posterior Inferior

Intermediate back muscle

A

Origin: T11-L2
Insert: 9-12 Ribs

spans laterally + superiorly to depress 6-12 ribs during expiration

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13
Q

Deep Layer of Back Muscles

A

2 groups: Erector Spinae Group + Multifidus Muscle

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14
Q

Erector Spinae Group

A

keeps vertebral column erect and hyperetend the spine

I Love Spaghetti (I.L.S.)

Iliocostalis, Longissimus, Spinalis

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15
Q

Iliocostalis

deep back muscle

A

Origin: sacrum, crest of ilium, spinous process of lumbar + thoracic vertebrae, angles of lower 6 ribs

Insert: angles of upper ribs, transverse processes of cervical vertebrae

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16
Q

Longissimus

deep back muscle

A

Origin: transverse process of lower vertebrae
Insert: transverse process of thoracic + cervical vertebrae + mastoid process of skull

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17
Q

Spinalis

deep back muscle

A

Origin: spinous process of lower thoracic vertebrae
Insert: superior cervical vertebrae + base of skull

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18
Q

Multifidus

deep back muscle

A

makes up transversospinalis muscles

long muscle that spans the length of entire back

Origin: sacrum, transverse process of C2-L5
Insert: spinous process of most spinal vertebrae (C4-L5)

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19
Q

Abdominal Wall

A

4 muscles: Rectus Abdominis.
External Oblique,
Internal Oblique,
Transversus Abdominis

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20
Q

Rectus Abdominis

A

long, straight, vertical (6 pack)

surrounded by rectus sheath formed by aponeuroses of flat abdominal muscle

has TENDINOUS INTERSECTIONS that divide muscles into individual sections that increase range of motions

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21
Q

EXTERNAL OBLIQUE

A

Origin: 5-12 ribs
Insert: Linea Alba, pubic crest, anterior superior iliac spine, iliac crest

22
Q

INTERNAL OBLIQUE

A

Origin: deep layer of thoracolumbar fascia, anterior 2/3 of iliac crest, lateral 2/3 of inguinal ligament, iliopsas
Insert: 10-12 ribs, pubic crest, anterior + posterior layers of the linea alba

23
Q

TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS

A

Origin: 7-12 cartilage, deep thoracolumbar fascia, anterior 2/3 iliac crest, lateral 1/3 inguinal ligament
Insert: linea alba, pubic crest, pecten pubis

24
Q

Posterior Abdominal Wall

A 
Iliacus (hip flexer)
Psoas Minor
Psoas Major (hip flexer)
Quadratus Lumborum
Diaphragm
Transversus Abdominis
Internal Oblique
External Oblique`
25
Q

Iliacus

posterior abdominal wall

A

Origin: internal pelvis, iliac fossa on ala of ilium
Insert: femur

26
Q

Psoas Major

posterior abdominal wall

A

Origin: T12-L5 transverse process
Insert: femur

27
Q

Psoas Minor

posterior abdominal wall

A

anterior of psoas major. sometimes absent in some individuals

28
Q

Quadratus Lumborum

A

Origin: Iliac crest inferior
Insert: 12th rib superiorly

important for back support and posture

29
Q

Functions of Pelvic Floor

A

bowl shaped structure that connects lower limbs inferiorly to the trunk superiorly

  • provides attachment sires for muscles of abdomen, back, lower limb
  • protecting organs of urogenital system
  • allowing passage of a newborn
30
Q

Pelvic Floor Muscles

A

pelvic diaphragm, Perineal Membrane, Perineal Body, Deep Perineal Pouch

31
Q

Pelvic Diaphragm

A

composed of COCCYGEUS muscle posteriorly, LEVATOR ANI muscles anteriorly and laterally

arranged like a bowl that separates pelvis from perineum

32
Q

Right + Left Coccygeus

A

posteosuperior part of pelvic diaphragm

33
Q

Levator Ani

A

large part of pelvic diaphragm

3 parts: Iliococcygeus, Pubococcygeus, Puborectalis muscles

originate + inset into hip bones to seal up pelvic outlet

34
Q

Puborectalis

A

part of Levator ani that creates a U shape opening for urethra

35
Q

Obturator Internus

A

anterior to pelvic diaphragm on both sides.

has tough membrane layer that closes obturator foramen on each hip.

36
Q

Perineal Membrane + Deep Perineal Pouch

A

forms boundary bw pelvic cavity and perineum

perineal membrane is flat triangular fibrous tissue that extends bw ischiopubic rami

in males, has aperture that transmists urethra

in females, has aperture for urethra and another aperture for vagina

37
Q

Perineal Body

A

attached to posterior aspect of perineal membrane

serves as attachment site for superficial/deep perineal muscles, external anal sphincter, and bulbospongiosus muscle

38
Q

SCALP

A 
Skin
Connective Tissue
Aponeuroses
Loose Connective Tissue
Pericranium
39
Q

Circular Facial Muscles

A

Orbicularis Oculi

Orbicularis Oris

40
Q

Orbicularis Oculi

A

Origins: medial aspect of orbital margin, palpebral part, and lacrimal bone
Inserts: skin surrounding orbit, lateral palpebral raphe, upper + lower eyelids

responsible for controlling gap bw eyelids (voluntary action of blinking)

41
Q

ORBICULARIS ORIS

A

surrounds oral cavity
Origin: anteromedial surface of maxilla + anteromedial surface of mandible
Insert: skin and fascias of the lips

42
Q

5 Straight Facial Muscles

A 
Buccinator Muscle
Platysma
Zygomaticus Muscle
Depressor Anguli Oris
Frontal Belly of Occipitofrontalis
43
Q

Buccinator Muscle

A

small, flat muscle of facial expression and mastification

alveolar process of mandible to pterygomandibular raphe + alveolar process of maxilla

44
Q

Platysma

A

Origin: pectoral fascia overlying pectoralis major + deltoid muscles
Insert: inferior morder of mand`ible + parotid fascia

large, broad, think sheet like muscle in anterior aspect of neck. deprsses angle of mouth + tenses neck

more prominent in men

45
Q

Zygomaticus Muscle

A

Major - more lateral
Origin: lateral surface of zygomatic bone. Insert: skin of angle of mouth

Minor - Origin: anterior surface of zygomatic bone. Insert: lateral upper lip + angle of mouth

46
Q

Depressor Anguli Oris

A

Origin: anterolateral part of inferior border of mandible + platysma
Insert: angle of mouth + merges w fibers of orbicularis oris

47
Q

Frontal Belly of Occipitofrontalis

A

part of layer of scalp
Origin: epicranial aponeurosis
Insert: skin of eyebrows + forehead

48
Q

4 Muscles of Mastification

A

innervated by mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve

Responsible for elevation:
Temporalis, Masseter, + Medial Pterygoid

Responsible for depression:
Lateral Pterygoid

49
Q

Temporalis

A

large fan shape.

Arises from temporal fossa and inserts into anterior ramus of mandible

50
Q

Masseter

A

deep masseter is smaller from posterior third of zygomatic arch

superficial masseter is larger/broader arising from anterior 2/3 of zygomatic arch. inserts low down to mandibular ramus, on lateral side of angle

51
Q

Medial Pterygoid

A

Origin: medial surface of lateral prerygoid plate, pyramidal process of palatine bone, tuberosity of maxilla
Inserts: medial surface of angle + ramus of mandible

52
Q

Lateral Pterygoid

A

Origin: superior head-infratempora surface of greater wing of sphenoid + inferior head-lateral surface of pterygoid plate
Inserts: condylar process of mandble

Human Anatomy (29 decks)

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