Chapter 19

Question 1

In what ways do hormones alter their target cells?

Answer 1

Hormones alter the types of cellular enzymes used.

Question 2

Compared to the nervous system, the endocrine system __________.

Answer 2

exerts longer-lasting effects upon the body

Question 3

What is a hormone?

Answer 3

a chemical that alters the metabolic activities of its target cell

Question 4

Severing the hypothalamic neurons in the infundibulum would __________.

Answer 4

alter the levels of ADH and oxytocin produced

Question 5

Which of the following is true of the relationship between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland?

Answer 5

Neurons from the hypothalamus regulate the release of oxytocin and ADH from the neurohypophysis.

Question 6

Parathyroid hormone __________.

Answer 6

increases blood calcium levels

Question 7

During thyroid surgery, a physician needs to prevent blood flow to the gland. She remembers that __________.

Answer 7

the thyroid receives blood from both the common carotid and the subclavian arteries

Question 8

Which of the following structures connects the two lobes of the thyroid gland?

Answer 8

isthmus

Question 9

The colloid stores thyroglobulin in the microscopic thyroid follicles _____________.

Answer 9

inferior to the thyroid cartilage

Question 10

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the thyroid hormones? _Their production is regulated by levels of TSH from the anterior pituitary. _They are assembled in the colloid of thyroid follicles. _They require iodine in order to be produced. _They decrease the metabolic rate of somatic cells.

Answer 10

They decrease the metabolic rate of somatic cells.

Question 11

Which number represents the gland most involved in blood calcium homeostasis?

Answer 11

The parathyroid hormone plays an integral role in the maintenance of blood calcium levels.

Question 12

If Juan has to have his thymus surgically removed when he is 13, he might experience which of the following problems?

Answer 12

more frequent illness

Question 13

Hormones that cause prepubescent sexual characteristic development in boys and girls are produced in the __________.

Answer 13

zona reticularis

Question 14

Julia is experiencing severe bloating, and a tumor is found in her right suprarenal gland. In what area is the tumor likely to be found?

Answer 14

the zona glomerulosa

Question 15

Hormones released in the heart __________.

Answer 15

cause water and sodium ions to be excreted into the urine in the kidneys

Question 16

When a person hemorrhages and loses large amounts of blood, the hormone erythropoietin released by the kidneys will __________.

Answer 16

cause new red blood cells to be produced

Question 17

1. In ___ diabetes, target cells do not respond normally to insulin.

Answer 17

Type 2

Question 18

2. In ____ diabetes, no insulin is produced.

Answer 18

Type 1

Question 19

3. In both _____ diabetes, glucose levels remain higher than normal.

Answer 19

Both Type 1 & Type 2

Question 20

When blood glucose levels are high

Answer 20

The pancreas releases insulin.

Question 21

A liver cell responds to insulin by

Answer 21

Taking in glucose and converting it to glycogen.

Question 22

What cells in the body respond to glucagon by breaking down glycogen and releasing glucose?

Answer 22

Liver cells.

Question 23

Body cells that respond to insulin include

Answer 23

Liver cells, as well as most other cells of the body.

Question 24

When blood glucose levels are low

Answer 24

The pancreas releases glucagon, which eventually causes blood glucose levels to increase.

Question 25

The body’s tendency to maintain relatively constant internal conditions is called

Answer 25

homeostasis.

Question 26

If a woman ovulates and that egg is fertilized, which hormone is responsible for ensuring that her uterus is prepared for the upcoming implantation of the embryo?

Answer 26

progesterone

Question 27

Answer 27

Question 28

Answer 28

Question 29

Answer 29

Question 30

Answer 30

Question 31

Answer 31