Chapter 19 Flashcards
In what ways do hormones alter their target cells?
Hormones alter the types of cellular enzymes used.
Compared to the nervous system, the endocrine system __________.
exerts longer-lasting effects upon the body
What is a hormone?
a chemical that alters the metabolic activities of its target cell
Severing the hypothalamic neurons in the infundibulum would __________.
alter the levels of ADH and oxytocin produced
Which of the following is true of the relationship between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland?
Neurons from the hypothalamus regulate the release of oxytocin and ADH from the neurohypophysis.
Parathyroid hormone __________.
increases blood calcium levels
During thyroid surgery, a physician needs to prevent blood flow to the gland. She remembers that __________.
the thyroid receives blood from both the common carotid and the subclavian arteries
Which of the following structures connects the two lobes of the thyroid gland?
isthmus
The colloid stores thyroglobulin in the microscopic thyroid follicles _____________.
inferior to the thyroid cartilage
Which of the following is FALSE regarding the thyroid hormones? _Their production is regulated by levels of TSH from the anterior pituitary. _They are assembled in the colloid of thyroid follicles. _They require iodine in order to be produced. _They decrease the metabolic rate of somatic cells.
They decrease the metabolic rate of somatic cells.
Which number represents the gland most involved in blood calcium homeostasis?
The parathyroid hormone plays an integral role in the maintenance of blood calcium levels.
If Juan has to have his thymus surgically removed when he is 13, he might experience which of the following problems?
more frequent illness
Hormones that cause prepubescent sexual characteristic development in boys and girls are produced in the __________.
zona reticularis
Julia is experiencing severe bloating, and a tumor is found in her right suprarenal gland. In what area is the tumor likely to be found?
the zona glomerulosa
Hormones released in the heart __________.
cause water and sodium ions to be excreted into the urine in the kidneys
When a person hemorrhages and loses large amounts of blood, the hormone erythropoietin released by the kidneys will __________.
cause new red blood cells to be produced
- In ___ diabetes, target cells do not respond normally to insulin.
Type 2
- In ____ diabetes, no insulin is produced.
Type 1
- In both _____ diabetes, glucose levels remain higher than normal.
Both Type 1 & Type 2
When blood glucose levels are high
The pancreas releases insulin.
A liver cell responds to insulin by
Taking in glucose and converting it to glycogen.
What cells in the body respond to glucagon by breaking down glycogen and releasing glucose?
Liver cells.
Body cells that respond to insulin include
Liver cells, as well as most other cells of the body.
When blood glucose levels are low
The pancreas releases glucagon, which eventually causes blood glucose levels to increase.
The body’s tendency to maintain relatively constant internal conditions is called
homeostasis.
If a woman ovulates and that egg is fertilized, which hormone is responsible for ensuring that her uterus is prepared for the upcoming implantation of the embryo?
progesterone
